# Translations in PHP files

Translations in PHP files work straight-forward. Translations functions such as `__()` and `_n()` are part of the WordPress core. Therefore, they are available globally and do not have to be imported.

## Usage of localization functions

### `__()`

The function `__()` retrieves the translation of `$text`. This function is available both for PHP & JS/TS.

```php
// Schema
$translation = __( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = __( 'Place Order', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/__/>.

### `_e()`

The function `_e()` displays the translation of `$text`. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
_e( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
_e( 'Place Order', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/_e/>.

### `_ex()`

The function `_ex()` displays the translated string with gettext context. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
_ex( string $text, string $context, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
_ex( 'Place Order', 'Place order button text', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/_ex/>.

### `_n()`

The function `_n()` translates and retrieves the singular or plural form based on the supplied number. This function is available both for PHP & JS/TS.

```php
// Schema
$translation = _n( string $single, string $plural, int $number, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = sprintf(
    /* translators: %s number of products in cart. */
    _n(
        '%d product',
        '%d products',
        absint( $category->count ),
        'woo-gutenberg-products-block'
    ),
    absint( $category->count )
);
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/_n/>.

### `_x()`

The function `_x()` retrieves a translated string with gettext context. This function is available both for PHP & JS/TS.

```php
// Schema
$translation = _x( string $text, string $context, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = _x( 'Draft', 'Order status', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/_x/>.

### `_nx()`

The function `_nx()` translates and retrieves the singular or plural form based on the supplied number, with gettext context. This function is available both for PHP & JS/TS.

```php
// Schema
$translation = _nx( string $single, string $plural, int $number, string $context, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = sprintf(
    /* translators: %s number of products in cart. */
    _nx(
        '%d product',
        '%d products',
        absint( $category->count ),
        'Number of products in the cart',
        'woo-gutenberg-products-block'
    ),
    absint( $category->count )
);
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/_nx/>.

### `esc_html__()`

The function `esc_html__()` retrieves the translation of `$text` and escapes it for safe use in HTML output. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
$translation = esc_html__( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = esc_html__( 'Select a category', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_html__/>.

### `esc_html_e()`

The function `esc_html_e()` displays the translated text that has been escaped for safe use in HTML output. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
esc_html_e( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
esc_html_e( 'Select a category', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_html_e/>.

### `esc_html_x()`

The function `esc_html_x()` translates a string with gettext context, and escapes it for safe use in HTML output. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
$translation = esc_html_x( string $text, string $context, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = esc_html_x( 'Select a category', 'Product category', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_html_x/>.

### `esc_attr__()`

The function `esc_attr__()` retrieve the translation of `$text` and escapes it for safe use in an attribute. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
$translation = esc_attr__( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = esc_attr__( 'Search', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_attr__/>.

### `esc_attr_e()`

The function `esc_attr_e()` displays the translated text that has been escaped for safe use in an attribute. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
esc_attr_e( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
esc_attr_e( 'Search', 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_attr_e/>.

### `esc_attr_x()`

The function `esc_attr_x()` translates the string with gettext context, and escapes it for safe use in an attribute. This function is only available for PHP.

```php
// Schema
$translation = esc_attr_x( string $text, string $domain = 'default' );

// Example
$translation = esc_attr_x( 'Search', 'Search button text' 'woo-gutenberg-products-block' );
```

See also <https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/esc_attr_x/>.