700 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
700 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
|
head 1.1;
|
||
|
|
access;
|
||
|
|
symbols;
|
||
|
|
locks; strict;
|
||
|
|
comment @# @;
|
||
|
|
expand @o@;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
1.1
|
||
|
|
date 2006.05.10.14.43.12; author GregorHagedorn; state Exp;
|
||
|
|
branches;
|
||
|
|
next ;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
desc
|
||
|
|
@none
|
||
|
|
@
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
1.1
|
||
|
|
log
|
||
|
|
@none
|
||
|
|
@
|
||
|
|
text
|
||
|
|
@*SHOW Grass Genera - specifications. 17 March 1993.
|
||
|
|
*COMMENT This file is derived from sample data provided with the CSIRO DELTA programs. It is used
|
||
|
|
*COMMENT to test the import of DELTA formatted data into other DELTA compatible applications.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*COMMENT In this file I try to use or not use blank before or after the directive separator!
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*NUMBER OF CHARACTERS 88
|
||
|
|
*MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STATES 15
|
||
|
|
*MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITEMS 14
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* CHARACTER TYPES 1,TE 3,RN 7,OM 8,RN 11,OM 25,TE 26,RN 27,OM 33,OM 38,IN 41,IN 44,IN 47,OM 48,IN 51,OM 54,IN 56,OM 60,IN 62,IN 64,OM 78-84,EUM 85,IN 87-88,TE
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*NUMBERS OF STATES 7,7 11,4 12,3 13,5 18,3 23-24,4 27,3 28,4 33,3 40,3 47,3
|
||
|
|
49,3 51,3 56,3 63-64,3 67,3 69,3 74,3 78,5 79,6 80,7 81,15 82,12 83,4 84,6 86,6
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*IMPLICIT VALUES 9,2 10,1 16,2 20,2 32,1 65,2 67,3 71-72,2 75,2 77,2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*DEPENDENT CHARACTERS 10,2:11 16,2:17 20,2:21-24 32,2:33-38 39,1:40-43
|
||
|
|
47,1/2:48-51 55,2:56 57,2:58-59 68,2:69 78,1:81-84 78,2:80:82-84
|
||
|
|
78,3:79-81:83-84 78,4:79-82:84 78,5:80-83
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*MANDATORY CHARACTERS 12 78-86
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*DECIMAL PLACES 3,0 8,2 26,3
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*COMMENT error directives added for testing only, do not make sense with the data!
|
||
|
|
*PERCENT ERROR 3,10 8,20 26,30
|
||
|
|
*ABSOLUTE ERROR 60,10 62,.005
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*LINK CHARACTERS 3-5 7-9 10-11 13-15 16-17 18-21 26-29 32-37 41-42
|
||
|
|
45-47:52-54 48-51 55-56 57-59 62-63 64-65 68-70 71-72 73-75 78-
|
||
|
|
*OMIT LOWER FOR CHARACTERS 60-62 85
|
||
|
|
*NEW PARAGRAPHS AT CHARACTERS 1-2 12 25-26 68 77-78 87
|
||
|
|
*OMIT FINAL COMMA 49
|
||
|
|
*ALTERNATE COMMA 78-84 86
|
||
|
|
*REPLACE SEMICOLON BY COMMA 10-13 20:22-24
|
||
|
|
*EMPHASIZE FEATURES 33 44 57 64
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*COMMENT Input files that are not present should be annotated, but should not prohibit import:
|
||
|
|
*INPUT FILE CNOTES
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*CHARACTER HEADINGS
|
||
|
|
#2. HABIT, VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
|
||
|
|
#12. INFLORESCENCE
|
||
|
|
#25. FEMALE-STERILE SPIKELETS
|
||
|
|
#26. FEMALE-FERTILE SPIKELETS, FLORETS, FRUIT
|
||
|
|
#68. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY, LEAF BLADE ANATOMY
|
||
|
|
#77. SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE
|
||
|
|
#78. TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION
|
||
|
|
#87. ANATOMICAL REFERENCES
|
||
|
|
#88. MISCELLANEOUS (char heading only)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*ITEM SUBHEADINGS #1. MISCELLANEOUS (item subheading only)
|
||
|
|
#2. HABIT, VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY.
|
||
|
|
#12. INFLORESCENCE.
|
||
|
|
#25. FEMALE-STERILE SPIKELETS.
|
||
|
|
#26. FEMALE-FERTILE SPIKELETS, FLORETS, FRUIT.
|
||
|
|
#68. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY, LEAF BLADE ANATOMY.
|
||
|
|
#77. SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE.
|
||
|
|
#78. TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION.
|
||
|
|
#87. ANATOMICAL REFERENCES.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "nomenclature" 1
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "habit" 2-5 13
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "vegetative form" 2-11
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " culms (form)" 3-6
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " leaves (form)" 7-11
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " ligules" 10-11
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "reproductive organization" 12 23-24
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "inflorescence form" 13-24
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "femsterile spikelets" 25
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "femfertile spikelets" 26-63
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " glumes" 32-38
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " incomplete florets" 39-43
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " florets (female-fertile)" 44-63
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " lemmas (female-fertile)" 44-51 53-54
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " awns of female-fertile lemmas" 47-51
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " paleas (female-fertile)" 55-56
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " androecium of female-fertile florets" 60
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " gynoecium" 61-63
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "fruit" 64-67
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "photosynthetic pathway-related features" 68-70
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " biochemistry" 69
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "ts anatomy of the leaf blade" 68 70-76
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "diagnostic features of individual taxa" 77
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "classification" 78-84
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " subfamilies and supertribes" 78-79
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS " tribes" 80-84
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "species number" 85
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "geography" 86
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "references" 87
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "text" 1 25 87 88
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "nontext" 2-24 26-86
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "morphology" veg repro infl femster femfert glumes incompl
|
||
|
|
florets lemmas paleas androec gynoec fruit diag
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "ident - include for routine identification using `Best'"
|
||
|
|
1-77 86-88
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "brief description" nom class spec geog ref
|
||
|
|
*DEFINE CHARACTERS "illustrated" 6 9 10 11 13
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*CHARACTER RELIABILITIES 2-5,7 6,5 7-10,7 11-13,8 14-26,7 27,8 28-38,7 39,5
|
||
|
|
40-43,7 44,8 45-47,7 48,8 49-63,7 64,6 65,7 66,8 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,2 71-76,1 77,8 78-85,1 86,6
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*KEY STATES 3,~2/2-5/5-25/25-75/75-150/150-300/300-1000/1000~ 7,1-3/4-6/7
|
||
|
|
8,~1/1-3/3-5/5-12/12-25/25-50/50-100/100~ 11,1/2-3/4
|
||
|
|
26,~0.9/0.9-2/2-5/5-15/15-30/30~ 38,0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8-9/10-12/13-19/20~
|
||
|
|
41,0/1/2~ 44,1/2/3~ 48,1/2/3/4/5/6-8/9/10/11/12/13-23/24~
|
||
|
|
54,0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8-9/10-12/13-19/20~ 60,0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7-15/15~ 62,1/2/3/4-5/6/7~
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*CHARACTER IMAGES
|
||
|
|
#1. C:\DELTA\DOCU\DATMODEL_THEORET.GIF <annotation for first image> C:\DELTA\DOCU\DATMODEL_CORE.gif <annotation for second image>
|
||
|
|
#2. C:\DELTA\DOCU\DATMODEL_THEORET.GIF <annotation for first image> C:\DELTA\DOCU\DATMODEL_CORE.gif <annotation for second image>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*SPECIAL STORAGE
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*SHOW Grass Genera - character list. 17 March 1993.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* CHARACTER LIST
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#1. <synonyms: `genera' included in the current description [X_] for most
|
||
|
|
nomenclatural literature references, see Clayton and Renvoize 1986>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#2. <longevity of plants>/
|
||
|
|
1. annual <or biennial, without remains of old sheaths or culms>/
|
||
|
|
2. perennial <with remains of old sheaths and/[\]or culms> <Figs 1, 2,
|
||
|
|
18>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#3. <mature> culms <maximum height: data unreliable for large genera>/
|
||
|
|
cm high/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#4. culms <whether woody or herbaceous>/
|
||
|
|
1. woody and persistent/
|
||
|
|
2. herbaceous <not woody, not persistent>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#5. culms <whether branched above>/
|
||
|
|
1. branched <vegetatively> above <Fig. 2>/
|
||
|
|
2. unbranched <vegetatively> above <Figs 1, 7>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#6. culm nodes <whether hairy or glabrous>/
|
||
|
|
1. hairy <Figs 4, 33>/
|
||
|
|
2. glabrous <Fig. 4>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#7. leaf blades <shape/data incomplete>/
|
||
|
|
1. linear/
|
||
|
|
2. linear-lanceolate/
|
||
|
|
3. lanceolate/
|
||
|
|
4. ovate-lanceolate/
|
||
|
|
5. ovate/
|
||
|
|
6. elliptic/oblong/
|
||
|
|
7. obovate/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#8. leaf blades <mid-width: data very incomplete>/
|
||
|
|
mm wide/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#9. leaf blades <whether pseudopetiolate>/
|
||
|
|
1. pseudopetiolate <Figs 11, 42>/
|
||
|
|
2. not pseudopetiolate <implicit>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#10. <adaxial> ligule <presence>/
|
||
|
|
1. <consistently> present <implicit>/
|
||
|
|
2. absent <at least from upper leaves>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#11. <adaxial> ligule <form [X_] avoid seedlings>/
|
||
|
|
1. an unfringed membrane <may be variously hairy or ciliolate> <Fig.
|
||
|
|
19>/
|
||
|
|
2. a fringed membrane <Figs 20, 21, 23>/
|
||
|
|
3. a fringe of hairs <Fig. 22>/
|
||
|
|
4. a rim of minute papillae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#12. plants <whether monoecious, with bisexual spikelets, or dioecious>/
|
||
|
|
1. <bisexual, but> monoecious with all the fertile spikelets unisexual/
|
||
|
|
2. bisexual, with <at least some> bisexual spikelets <Plates 1:4, 1:5,
|
||
|
|
1:8, 2:10, 2:11, 2:13[X-]2:17 etc.>/
|
||
|
|
3. dioecious <with separate male and female-fertile individuals> <Figs
|
||
|
|
25, 26>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#13. inflorescence <chasmogamous: overall form>/
|
||
|
|
1. a single spike <Plate 1:9; Fig. 30>/
|
||
|
|
2. of spicate <spike-like> main branches <of spikes, narrow racemes or
|
||
|
|
narrow panicles> <Plate 1:4; Figs 31, 38, 53, 54>/
|
||
|
|
3. a false spike, with spikelets <or spikelet clusters> on contracted
|
||
|
|
axes <Plate 1:5; Figs 42, 49, 50, 51, 77>/
|
||
|
|
4. a single raceme <at least some of the spikelets clearly pedicellate>
|
||
|
|
<Fig. 33, 79>/
|
||
|
|
5. paniculate <and not readily referable to any of the other states>
|
||
|
|
<Plates 1:1, 1:3, 1:8, 2:12; Figs 34, 35, 36, 37, 55>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#14. inflorescence <whether open or contracted: mainly applied to
|
||
|
|
panicles>/
|
||
|
|
1. open <Plates 1:8, 2:12; Figs 34, 35>/
|
||
|
|
2. contracted <very compact, or narrow and spike-like> <Plates 1:1,
|
||
|
|
1:3; Figs 36, 37>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#15. inflorescence <whether comprising a complex of `partial
|
||
|
|
inflorescences' and intervening foliar organs (= leaves, spathes,
|
||
|
|
spatheoles>/
|
||
|
|
1. a complex of `partial inflorescences' and intervening foliar organs
|
||
|
|
<i.e., a `pseudo-inflorescence'> <Fig. 43>/
|
||
|
|
2. not comprising `partial inflorescences' and foliar organs/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#16. spikelet-bearing axes <whether disarticulating. Note that
|
||
|
|
spikelet-bearing axes may be greatly reduced>/
|
||
|
|
1. disarticulating <often manifested in clearly articulated rachides.
|
||
|
|
Excluding inflorescences falling whole (tumbleweeds)> <Figs 26, 27,
|
||
|
|
44, 45, 46, 47, 59, 76>/
|
||
|
|
2. persistent <not disarticulating: implicit> <Figs 30, 38, 39, 53>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#17. spikelet-bearing axes <manner of disarticulation>/
|
||
|
|
1. falling entire <Figs. 50, 51>/
|
||
|
|
2. disarticulating at the joints <Figs 27, 44, 45, 46, 47, 59, 75, 76>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#18. spikelets <grouping: recorded mainly in spikes and racemes>/
|
||
|
|
1. <mainly> solitary <Plate 1:4; Figs 30, 38, 56>/
|
||
|
|
2. <consistently> paired <Plate 1:6; Fig. 44>/
|
||
|
|
3. <consistently> in triplets <Figs 46, 52, 59>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#19. spikelets <whether secund: currently a catch-all character, covering
|
||
|
|
one-sidedness of inflorescence (e.g., [IDactylis], dorsiventral
|
||
|
|
rachides, etc.>/
|
||
|
|
1. secund <Plates 1:2, 1:4, 2:15; Figs 31, 32, 38, 39, 42, 53, 54, 55>/
|
||
|
|
2. not secund/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#20. spikelets <whether in regular `long-and-short' combinations, as
|
||
|
|
exemplified in typical andropogonoids>/
|
||
|
|
1. consistently in `long-and-short' combinations <i.e.,
|
||
|
|
pedicellate/[\]sessile or long-pedicel/[\]short-pedicel pairs or
|
||
|
|
triplets: currently includes andropogonoid forms with the
|
||
|
|
pedicellate `spikelets' reduced to their pedicels> <Plates 1:6, 1:7;
|
||
|
|
Figs 28, 44, 47, 59, 72, 76>/
|
||
|
|
2. not <consistently> in distinct `long-and-short' combinations
|
||
|
|
<implicit>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#21. spikelets <detail of `long-and-short' combinations (intended mainly
|
||
|
|
for andropogonoids)>/
|
||
|
|
1. in pedicellate/[\]sessile combinations <Figs 28, 44, 47, 59>/
|
||
|
|
2. unequally pedicellate in each combination/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#22. pedicels of the `pedicellate' spikelets <whether fused with the
|
||
|
|
rachis: intended for andropogonoids>/
|
||
|
|
1. discernible, but <extensively> fused with the rachis <Plate 1:7;
|
||
|
|
Figs 47, 60>/
|
||
|
|
2. free of the rachis <Fig. 44, 75>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#23. the `shorter' <andropogonoid> spikelets <sessile or
|
||
|
|
shorter-pedicelled, sexuality>/
|
||
|
|
1. hermaphrodite <Fig. 59>/
|
||
|
|
2. female-only/
|
||
|
|
3. male-only/
|
||
|
|
4. sterile/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#24. the `longer' <andropogonoid> spikelets <pedicelled or
|
||
|
|
longer-pedicelled, sexuality>/
|
||
|
|
1. hermaphrodite/
|
||
|
|
2. female-only/
|
||
|
|
3. male-only/
|
||
|
|
4. sterile <comment if reduced to pedicels> <Figs 59, 60>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#25. <comments on female-sterile spikelets>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#26. <female-fertile> spikelets <approximate length, excluding any awns:
|
||
|
|
data unreliable for large genera>/
|
||
|
|
mm long/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#27. <female-fertile> spikelets <plane of compression>/
|
||
|
|
1. compressed laterally <lying on the side when placed on a flat
|
||
|
|
surface> <Plates 1:2, 1:5, 1:9, 2:15, 2:17; Figs 30, 54, 56, 61, 67,
|
||
|
|
68, 73, 119>/
|
||
|
|
2. not noticeably compressed <terete>/
|
||
|
|
3. compressed <dorsally, ventrally or> dorsiventrally <lying on front
|
||
|
|
or back when placed on a flat surface> <Plates 1:4, 1:7, 2:10, 2:11;
|
||
|
|
Figs 70, 74, 75, 82, 97, 98>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#28. <female-fertile> spikelets <location of disarticulation positions>/
|
||
|
|
1. <readily> disarticulating above the glumes <when mature>/
|
||
|
|
2. disarticulating between the glumes/
|
||
|
|
3. falling with the glumes <when mature> <pending data changes,
|
||
|
|
including forms where the spikelets are shed by inflorescence
|
||
|
|
disarticulation>/
|
||
|
|
4. not disarticulating <common in cultivated cereals>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#29. <female-fertile> spikelets <whether rachilla disarticulates between
|
||
|
|
the florets of spikelets with two or more fertile florets>/
|
||
|
|
1. not disarticulating between the florets/
|
||
|
|
2. disarticulating between the florets/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#30. rachilla <of female-fertile spikelets, whether terminated by a
|
||
|
|
female-fertile floret, or `prolonged'>/
|
||
|
|
1. prolonged beyond the uppermost female-fertile floret <i.e. not
|
||
|
|
terminated by a female-fertile floret: note that `racemose'
|
||
|
|
spikelets with three or more female-fertile florets have all been
|
||
|
|
awarded this state> <Figs 41, 56, 61, 65>/
|
||
|
|
2. terminated by a female-fertile floret <not `prolonged'>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#31. hairy callus <presence: an unsatisfactory catch-all character, but
|
||
|
|
widely recorded and useful in keys>/
|
||
|
|
1. present <Figs 28, 63, 72, 100>/
|
||
|
|
2. absent/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#32. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, present or absent>/
|
||
|
|
1. present <implicit>/
|
||
|
|
2. absent/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#33. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, number: `glumes' are barren, with
|
||
|
|
neither axillary spikelets nor florets>/
|
||
|
|
1. one per spikelet/
|
||
|
|
2. two/
|
||
|
|
3. several/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#34. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, whether markedly unequal in the
|
||
|
|
intact spikelet; regardless of any differences in form>/
|
||
|
|
1. very unequal <in length in the intact spikelet> <Plates 1:8, 2:10,
|
||
|
|
2:12; Figs 61, 68, 71>/
|
||
|
|
2. more or less equal <in length in the intact spikelet: generally
|
||
|
|
includes `subequal'> <Plates 1:1, 1:7, 2:11; Figs 62, 66, 73, 79,
|
||
|
|
85, 89, 114, 119>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#35. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, lengths relative to proximal
|
||
|
|
(adjacent) lemmas. Refers to the longer glume when glumes unequal>/
|
||
|
|
1. <decidedly> shorter than the adjacent lemmas <in intact spikelets>
|
||
|
|
<Figs 61, 68, 89>/
|
||
|
|
2. long relative to the adjacent lemmas <more or less equalling or
|
||
|
|
exceeding them> <Plates 1:1, 1:7, 1:8, 2:15, 2:16; Figs 62, 66, 67,
|
||
|
|
71, 73, 79, 85, 114, 119>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#36. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, whether awned>/
|
||
|
|
1. awned <Plates 1:1, 2:15; Fig. 32>/
|
||
|
|
2. awnless <Fig. 73>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#37. glumes <of female-fertile spikelets, whether carinate (i.e.,
|
||
|
|
one-keeled to middle or below)>/
|
||
|
|
1. carinate <one-keeled> <Plates 1:5, 2:17; Figs 54, 67, 73, 89, 114>/
|
||
|
|
2. non-carinate <includes forms with more than one keel, as well as
|
||
|
|
those with non-keeled glumes> <Plates 1:5, 1:7>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#38. upper glume <(or the single glume) of female-fertile spikelets,
|
||
|
|
mid-zone nerve number>/
|
||
|
|
nerved/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#39. <female-fertile> spikelets <whether containing sterile or male-only
|
||
|
|
florets in addition to female-fertile florets>/
|
||
|
|
1. <normally> with female-fertile florets only/
|
||
|
|
2. <or at least some of them, normally> with incomplete <sterile or
|
||
|
|
male-only> florets <note that the situation at the apex of spikelets
|
||
|
|
with more than three florets is often unknown or unclear> <Plates
|
||
|
|
1:8, 2:10, 2:12, 2:13, 2:16; Figs 61, 64, 71, 78, 79>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#40. the incomplete <male or sterile> florets <position in spikelet>/
|
||
|
|
1. proximal to the female-fertile florets <Plates 1:8, 2:12, 2:13,
|
||
|
|
2:16; Figs 64, 71, 79>/
|
||
|
|
2. distal to the female-fertile florets <Figs 61, 78>/
|
||
|
|
3. both distal and proximal to the female-fertile florets/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#41. the proximal incomplete florets <of the female-fertile spikelets, when
|
||
|
|
present, number (intended mainly for panicoids)>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#42. the proximal incomplete florets <of the female-fertile spikelets:
|
||
|
|
sexuality>/
|
||
|
|
1. male <Plate 2:13; Figs 71, 79, 80>/
|
||
|
|
2. sterile <Plate 2:16>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#43. the proximal <imperfect> lemmas <of the female-fertile spikelets:
|
||
|
|
whether awned>/
|
||
|
|
1. awned/
|
||
|
|
2. awnless/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#44. <number of> female-fertile florets <per female-fertile spikelet>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#45. <female-fertile> lemmas <shape of apex>/
|
||
|
|
1. entire <Figs 91, 97>/
|
||
|
|
2. incised <Plate 2:18; Figs 66, 86, 87, 91>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#46. <female-fertile> lemmas <entire, whether pointed or blunt>/
|
||
|
|
1. pointed <Fig. 97>/
|
||
|
|
2. blunt <Figs 88, 101>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#47. <female-fertile> lemmas <whether mucronate or awned>/
|
||
|
|
1. awnless <neither mucronate nor awned> <Figs 68, 71, 73, 89 etc.>/
|
||
|
|
2. mucronate <with a short, hard point or vestigial or incipient awn>
|
||
|
|
<Plate 2:16; Fig. 104>/
|
||
|
|
3. awned <Plates 1:5, 1:6, 2:18; Figs 56, 61, 66, 67, 85, 87, 90, 91,
|
||
|
|
114>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#48. awns <of female-fertile lemmas, if present, number>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#49. awns <of female-fertile lemmas, position of (main, median)>/
|
||
|
|
1. from a sinus <Figs 86, 91>/
|
||
|
|
2. dorsal <Figs 56, 67, 90>/
|
||
|
|
3. apical <Plate 1:5; Figs 61, 85, 87, 91, 92, 96, 114>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#50. awns <of female-fertile lemmas, whether straight or geniculate when
|
||
|
|
dry>/
|
||
|
|
1. non-geniculate <straight or curved> <Plates 1:5, 2:18; Figs 56, 61,
|
||
|
|
87>/
|
||
|
|
2. geniculate <usually twisted at the base> <Figs 66, 67, 86, 90>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#51. awns <main, median of the female-fertile lemmas, relative length>/
|
||
|
|
1. much shorter than the body of the lemma <Plate 1:5>/
|
||
|
|
2. about as long as the body of the lemma/
|
||
|
|
3. much longer than the body of the lemma <Plates 1:6, 2:18; Figs 61,
|
||
|
|
66, 67, 86, 87, 91>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#52. <female-fertile> lemmas <whether carinate (i.e., one-keeled at least
|
||
|
|
to the middle on the back>/
|
||
|
|
1. carinate <with a single median keel> <Plate 1:2; Figs 54, 68>/
|
||
|
|
2. non-carinate <rounded, flat, with two or more keels> <Figs 82, 83,
|
||
|
|
86, 90, 91>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#53. <female-fertile> lemmas <presence of germination flap>/
|
||
|
|
1. with a clear germination flap <when mature> <Figs 99, 100>/
|
||
|
|
2. without a germination flap/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#54. <female-fertile> lemmas <number of nerves traversing mid-region>/
|
||
|
|
nerved/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#55. palea <female-fertile, presence in female-fertile florets>/
|
||
|
|
1. present/
|
||
|
|
2. absent/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#56. palea <female-fertile, relative size>/
|
||
|
|
1. relatively long <three-quarters or more of female-fertile lemma
|
||
|
|
length> <Plates 2:13, 2:16; Figs 102, 104>/
|
||
|
|
2. conspicuous but relatively short <less than three-quarters of
|
||
|
|
female-fertile lemma length> <Fig. 88>/
|
||
|
|
3. very reduced <or vestigial>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#57. lodicules <presence in female-fertile florets>/
|
||
|
|
1. present/
|
||
|
|
2. absent/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#58. lodicules <of female-fertile florets, texture>/
|
||
|
|
1. <distally> fleshy <`cuneate'; panicoid type> <Figs 103, 106, 107,
|
||
|
|
109>/
|
||
|
|
2. <distally> membranous <i.e. pooid type> <Plate 2:14; Figs 108, 110,
|
||
|
|
111>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#59. lodicules <of female-fertile florets, whether hairy>/
|
||
|
|
1. ciliate <or hairy> <Figs 103, 108, 110>/
|
||
|
|
2. glabrous <Figs 106, 107, 109, 111>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#60. stamens <number per female-fertile floret (not applicable to male
|
||
|
|
spikelets or male florets)>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#61. ovary <of female-fertile florets, whether apex glabrous or hairy>/
|
||
|
|
1. glabrous <Plate 2:14; Figs 103, 106, 116, 118>/
|
||
|
|
2. hairy <Figs 110, 112, 115, 117>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#62. stigmas <number>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#63. stigmas <colour, in chasmogamous spikelets>/
|
||
|
|
1. white <Plates 1:2, 1:5, 1:7, 2:14; Figs 110, 111, 115>/
|
||
|
|
2. red <anthocyanin> pigmented <i.e. red, pink, purple or black>
|
||
|
|
<Plates 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:10 etc.; Figs 79, 107>/
|
||
|
|
3. <golden> brown <Plate 2:12>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#64. fruit <length when mature>/
|
||
|
|
1. small <less than 4 mm>/
|
||
|
|
2. medium sized <4[X-]10 mm>/
|
||
|
|
3. large <more than 10 mm long>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#65. fruit <or grain surface pattern>/
|
||
|
|
1. sculptured <Fig. 127>/
|
||
|
|
2. <relatively> smooth <the near-universal condition: implicit> <Figs
|
||
|
|
121[X-]126>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#66. hilum <form>/
|
||
|
|
1. short <punctiform or shortly elliptical, less than half length of
|
||
|
|
fruit> <Figs 122, 124>/
|
||
|
|
2. long-linear <more than half as long as fruit> <Figs 121, 123>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#67. pericarp <whether fused or loose (or free)>/
|
||
|
|
1. free <Figs 119, 120>/
|
||
|
|
2. loosely adherent <fairly easily removable when soaked>/
|
||
|
|
3. fused <implicit, except in Arundinoideae and Chloridoideae> <Figs
|
||
|
|
121[X-]126>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#68. <maximum cells-distant count. Reliably indicative of photosynthetic
|
||
|
|
pathway [X_] see Hattersley and Watson 1975>/
|
||
|
|
1. <showing a maximum cells-distant count of one, reliably predicting>
|
||
|
|
C[v4] <Plates 3:23, 3:24; Figs 187, 188, 192[X-]196, 198,
|
||
|
|
207[X-]213, 222, 224[X-]226>/
|
||
|
|
2. <showing a maximum cells-distant count of two or more, reliably
|
||
|
|
predicting> C[v3] <Plates 3:25, 3:26; Figs 189[X-]191, 197, 216,
|
||
|
|
218, 219, 223, 227>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#69. <c[v4]> biochemical type <as determined by enzyme assay: see Hatch and
|
||
|
|
Kagawa 1974, Gutierrez et al. 1974(a) and 1974(b), Hatch, Kagawa and
|
||
|
|
Craig 1975, and Prendergast, Hattersley and Stone 1987. Species
|
||
|
|
samples in parentheses>/
|
||
|
|
1. PCK/
|
||
|
|
2. NAD[X-]ME/
|
||
|
|
3. NADP[X-]ME/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#70. <leaf blade XyMS: reliably indicative of C[v4] type (Hattersley and
|
||
|
|
Watson 1976. Note that this feature is ascertainable from primary
|
||
|
|
vascular bundles only [X_] see Character Note)>/
|
||
|
|
1. XyMS+ <C[v3], or C[v4] `aspartate formers' type PCK or NAD[X-]ME
|
||
|
|
(exceptions: Eriachneae)> <Plates 3:24[X-]26; Figs 187, 189[X-]193,
|
||
|
|
195[X-]198, 203[X-]205, 212, 214, 220, 223, 224>/
|
||
|
|
2. XyMS[X-] <C[v4] `malate formers', type NADP[X-]ME> <Plate 3:23; Figs
|
||
|
|
188, 199, 208, 209, 222>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#71. <leaf blade> mesophyll <presence of arm cells (= `ratchet' cells)>/
|
||
|
|
1. with arm cells <Figs 213, 215, 216>/
|
||
|
|
2. without arm cells <implicit when ts adequately described>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#72. <leaf blade> mesophyll <presence of fusoid cells>/
|
||
|
|
1. with fusoids <Figs 214, 216[X-]220>/
|
||
|
|
2. without fusoids <implicit when ts adequately described>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#73. midrib <of the leaf blade, prominence>/
|
||
|
|
1. conspicuous <prominent in the outline, with distinctive
|
||
|
|
sclerenchyma, etc.> <Plate 3:25; Figs 221, 222>/
|
||
|
|
2. not readily distinguishable <other than by position>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#74. midrib <of the mid leaf blade, vascularization>/
|
||
|
|
1. with one bundle only/
|
||
|
|
2. having a conventional arc of bundles <i.e. at least three bundles>
|
||
|
|
<Fig. 222>/
|
||
|
|
3. having complex vascularization <i.e. with more than one bundle, not
|
||
|
|
arranged in a conventional arc> <Fig. 221>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#75. midrib <and/[\]or middle part of leaf blade, whether extensively of
|
||
|
|
colourless cells adaxially>/
|
||
|
|
1. with <conspicuous> colourless tissue adaxially <Fig. 222>/
|
||
|
|
2. without <conspicuous> colourless tissue adaxially <implicit when ts
|
||
|
|
adequately described>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#76. <presence in the leaf blade of small vascular bundles unaccompanied by
|
||
|
|
sclerenchyma>/
|
||
|
|
1. many of the smallest vascular bundles unaccompanied by sclerenchyma
|
||
|
|
<Plate 3:23; Figs 222, 226>/
|
||
|
|
2. all <or nearly all> the vascular bundles accompanied by
|
||
|
|
sclerenchyma/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#77. <[IZea mays]>/
|
||
|
|
1. fruiting inflorescence a massive, spatheate cob, the fruits in many
|
||
|
|
rows/
|
||
|
|
2. fruiting inflorescence not as in maize <implicit>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#78. <subfamily>/
|
||
|
|
1. Pooideae/
|
||
|
|
2. Bambusoideae/
|
||
|
|
3. Arundinoideae/
|
||
|
|
4. Chloridoideae/
|
||
|
|
5. Panicoideae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#79. <supertribes of Watson [Iet al]. 1985, with name endings changed>/
|
||
|
|
1. Triticodae/
|
||
|
|
2. Poodae/
|
||
|
|
3. Oryzodae/
|
||
|
|
4. Bambusodae/
|
||
|
|
5. Panicodae/
|
||
|
|
6. Andropogonodae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#80. <tribe of Pooideae>/
|
||
|
|
1. Triticeae/
|
||
|
|
2. Brachypodieae/
|
||
|
|
3. Bromeae/
|
||
|
|
4. Aveneae <including Agrostideae, Phalarideae>/
|
||
|
|
5. Meliceae/
|
||
|
|
6. Seslerieae/
|
||
|
|
7. Poeae <including Hainardieae, Monermeae>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#81. <tribe of Bambusoideae>/
|
||
|
|
1. Oryzeae/
|
||
|
|
2. Olyreae/
|
||
|
|
3. Centotheceae/
|
||
|
|
4. Anomochloeae/
|
||
|
|
5. Brachyelytreae/
|
||
|
|
6. Diarrheneae/
|
||
|
|
7. Ehrharteae/
|
||
|
|
8. Phaenospermateae/
|
||
|
|
9. Phyllorhachideae/
|
||
|
|
10. Phareae/
|
||
|
|
11. Streptochaeteae/
|
||
|
|
12. Streptogyneae/
|
||
|
|
13. Guaduelleae/
|
||
|
|
14. Puelieae/
|
||
|
|
15. Bambuseae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#82. <tribe of Arundinoideae>/
|
||
|
|
1. Steyermarkochloeae/
|
||
|
|
2. Stipeae/
|
||
|
|
3. Nardeae/
|
||
|
|
4. Lygeae/
|
||
|
|
5. Arundineae/
|
||
|
|
6. Danthonieae <and satellites>/
|
||
|
|
7. Cyperochloeae/
|
||
|
|
8. Micraireae/
|
||
|
|
9. Spartochloeae/
|
||
|
|
10. Aristideae/
|
||
|
|
11. Eriachneae/
|
||
|
|
12. Amphipogoneae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#83. <tribe/[\]assemblage of Chloridoideae>/
|
||
|
|
1. Pappophoreae/
|
||
|
|
2. Orcuttieae/
|
||
|
|
3. Triodieae/
|
||
|
|
4. main chloridoid assemblage <including Chlorideae, Cynodonteae,
|
||
|
|
Eragrosteae, Sporoboleae, Aeluropodeae, Jouveae, Unioleae,
|
||
|
|
Leptureae, Lappagineae, Spartineae, Trageae, Perotideae,
|
||
|
|
Pommereulleae>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#84. <tribe of Panicoideae>/
|
||
|
|
1. Isachneae/
|
||
|
|
2. Paniceae/
|
||
|
|
3. Neurachneae/
|
||
|
|
4. Arundinelleae/
|
||
|
|
5. Andropogoneae/
|
||
|
|
6. Maydeae/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#85. <number of species>/
|
||
|
|
species/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#86. <floristic Kingdoms: after Takhtajan 1969. Data deduced from
|
||
|
|
information for Takhtajan's floristic regions (see below), provided
|
||
|
|
by B. K. Simon 1987>/
|
||
|
|
1. Holarctic/
|
||
|
|
2. Paleotropical/
|
||
|
|
3. Neotropical/
|
||
|
|
4. Cape/
|
||
|
|
5. Australian/
|
||
|
|
6. Antarctic/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#87. <leaf anatomical references>/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#88. taxon images:/
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*SHOW Grass Genera - items. 17 March 1993.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Agrostis <L. NOTE: Item Name or note MAY CONTAIN SLASH: 1/3!>/
|
||
|
|
1<[IAgraulus] P. Beauv., [IAgrestis] Bub., [IAnomalotis] Steud.,
|
||
|
|
[IBromidium] Nees, [ICandollea] Steud., [IChaetotropis] Kunth,
|
||
|
|
[IDecandolea] Batard, [IDidymochaeta] Steud., [ILachnagrostis] Trin.,
|
||
|
|
[INeoschischkinia] Tsvelev, [INotonema] Raf., [IPentatherum] Nabelek,
|
||
|
|
[IPodagrostis] (Griseb.) Scribn., [ISenisetum] Koidz., [ITrichodium]
|
||
|
|
Michaux, [IVilfa] Adans.> 2,1/2 3<mostly>,(3-)5-100 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,1
|
||
|
|
8,0.2-10 9,2 10,1 11,1 12,2 13,5 14,1/2<e.g., [IBromidium]> 15,2 16,2 18,-
|
||
|
|
19,2 20,2 26,0.8-4 27,1 28,1 30,1/2 31,1<the hairs less than 0.5 mm long>/2
|
||
|
|
32,1 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,1/2 38,1 39,1 44,(1-)3-4.5-7(-9)<Single note in Delta> 45,1-2<usually truncate or
|
||
|
|
emarginate, sometimes toothed via excurrent veins> 47,1/2/3 48<when
|
||
|
|
present,>,1/3<[IBromidium]>/5<rarely> 49,2 50,2 51,1-2/3<<2%> rarely> 52,2
|
||
|
|
53,2 54,3-5 55<nearly always>,1 56,1/2/3 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1
|
||
|
|
64,1 65,2 66,1 67,3 68,2 70,1 71,2 72,2 73,1/2 74,1 75,2 76,1/2 77,2 78,1
|
||
|
|
79,2 80,4 85<about>,220 86,1&2&3&4&5&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project>
|
||
|
|
88<ag01.gif ag25.gif>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Andropogon <L.>/
|
||
|
|
1<[IAnatherum] P. Beauv., [IArthrostachys] Desv., [IArthrolophis] (Trin.)
|
||
|
|
Chiov., [IDimeiostemon] Raf., [IEriopodium] Hochst., [IHeterochloa] Desv.,
|
||
|
|
[IHomoeatherum] Nees, [ILeptopogon] Roberty> 2,1/2 3,8-250(-430) 4,2 5,1/2
|
||
|
|
7,1 9,1/2 10,1 11,1-2 12,2 13,2/5<usually with paired or digitate
|
||
|
|
`racemes', these often spatheate and aggregated into false panicles>
|
||
|
|
15,1<often>/2 16,1 17,2 18,2 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,3/4<sometimes reduced
|
||
|
|
to their pedicels> 25<the pedicelled spikelets male or barren, usually
|
||
|
|
awnless, occasionally suppressed> 27,1/2/3 28,3 29,- 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,2
|
||
|
|
34,2 35,2 36,1/2<G[v2] sometimes aristate> 38,1-3 39,2 40,1 41,1 42,2 43,2
|
||
|
|
44,1 45,2<usually bifid> 47,3 48,1 49,1 50,2 51,2-3 52,2 54,1-3 55,1
|
||
|
|
56,3<hyaline> 57,1<tiny> 58,1 59,1/2 60,1-3 61,1 62,2 64,1 65,2 66,1 67,3
|
||
|
|
68,1 69,3<3 species> 70,2 71,2 72,2 73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1/2 77,2 78,5 79,6
|
||
|
|
84,5 85<about>,100 86,1&2&3&4 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
*EXCLUDE CHARACTERS 1 3-5 78-86
|
||
|
|
*INCLUDE ITEMS 1-8 10-20
|
||
|
|
@
|