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<h2><a name="SDD_Part_0_Introduction_and_Prim"></a> SDD Part 0: Introduction and Primer to the SDD Standard </h2>
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<h3><a name="4_5_Elements_within_SamplingEven"></a> 4.5 Elements within <SamplingEvent> </h3>
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The element <SamplingUnit> contains raw sample data for a specimen. <SamplingEvent> contains information about where and when that sampling occurred.
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A simple SDD instance document representing a sampling event has the basic structure shown below and in example 4.5.1.1.
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<img alt="sampledata4.gif" src="http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/static/_publish/sampledata4.gif" />
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Example 4.5.1.1 - A simple sampling event
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<SampleData>
<SamplingEvent id="TJM45337">
<DateTime minute="17" hour="7" day="17" month="7" year="2006"/>
<DateTimeSpanEnd minute="27" hour="7" day="17" month="7" year="2006"/>
<GeographicArea ref="g2"/>
<Coordinates latitude="20.44" longitude="139.29"/>
<SamplingUnit>
<Quantitative ref="ch1" value="12"/>
</SamplingUnit>
...etc
</SampleData>
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<DateTime> records the date and time when the sampling event occurred, either as a single time point or as the start of a time period.
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<DateTimeSpanEnd> records the end of a time span if event timing is recorded as such.
Both date/times may be incomplete in ways not expressible in xs:datetime, e.g. the day and year may be known, but month unknown.
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<GeographicArea> is a reference to a geographic area at which the event occurred. This is defined in the element <GeographicAreas> with the basic structure shown below and in example 4.5.1.2.
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<img alt="geographicarea.gif" src="http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/static/_publish/geographicarea.gif" />
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Example 4.5.1.2 Defining geographic areas
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<GeographicAreas>
<GeographicArea id="g1">
<Representation>
<Label>Worldwide</Label>
</Representation>
</GeographicArea>
<GeographicArea id="g2">
<Representation>
<Label>Europe</Label>
</Representation>
</GeographicArea>
</GeographicAreas>
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<Coordinates> records a point on earth at which the event occurred. Elements available are <Latitude>, <Longitude>, <GeodeticDatum>; <Verbatim> (a textual representation of the original location data) and <Literal> (a free-form string in addition to or instead of numeric coordinates (i.e. Charley's Creek, near Chinchilla).
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Example 4.5.1.3 Use of the <Coordinate> element
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<SampleData>
<SamplingEvent id="AQ578462">
<DateTime></DateTime>
<Coordinates latitude="26.5" longitude="150.5"
geodeticdatum="GDA94" verbatim="5km NW of Roma"/>
<SamplingUnit>
<Categorical ref="c1">
<State ref="s1"/>
</Categorical>
</SamplingUnit>
</SamplingEvent>
</SampleData>
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<h4><a name="4_5_2_SamplingUnit"></a> 4.5.2. SamplingUnit </h4>
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A sampling unit may be an individual organism, a leaf of a tree, a piece of tissue, etc. In each sampling unit multiple characters may have been observed together ('paired observations'). Example: 'leaf shape, length, and width' of a single leaf). Value frequencies (e. g., '2.3': observed 4 x) are not supported; they are useful when only a single character variable is supported, but complicate paired observations unnecessarily. Char. values with a frequency should be entered in repeated SamplingUnits.
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A simple SDD code snippet representing part of the sample data above has the basic structure shown below and in Example 4.5.2.1.
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<img alt="samplingunit2.gif" src="http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/static/_publish/samplingunit2.gif" />
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Example 4.5.2.1. Recording sampling data in SDD
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<SampleData>
<SamplingEvent id="sev1000">
<DateTime></DateTime>
<SamplingUnit>
<Categorical ref="c1">
<State ref="s2"/>
</Categorical>
<Quantitative ref="c2" value="110"/>
</SamplingUnit>
<SamplingUnit>
<Categorical ref="c1">
<State ref="s1"/>
</Categorical>
<Quantitative ref="c2" value="112"/>
</SamplingUnit>
<SamplingUnit>
<Categorical ref="c1">
<State ref="s1"/>
</Categorical>
<Quantitative ref="c2" value="110"/>
</SamplingUnit>
<SamplingUnit>
<Categorical ref="c1">
<State ref="s1"/>
</Categorical>
<Quantitative ref="c2" value="118"/>
</SamplingUnit>
</SamplingEvent>
</SampleData>
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-- DonovanSharp - 21 Jun 2006
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