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<h3>Suggestions for Changes and Additions to the GISIN technical document called</h3>
<h4>[[http://www.niiss.org/cwis438/websites/GISINTech/Documentation/SpecificationAnalysis.html?WebSiteID=5][GISIN Protocol Specification Analysis]]</h4> Click on the title to open the document, then use your browser's back button to return to this page and insert your wiki input below.
* Suggested changes:
“Issues List” with numbered issues, current recommendations, current status, and associated discussions.
The “Status” fields have the following values:
• Investigation – we’re trying to come up with a proposal
• Proposed – we have a proposal and are seeing if anyone objects
• Resolved – the issue has been decided but is not yet in the protocol documentation
• Existing – the issue is represented in the documentation
1. PROPOSAL: Add a new data model for EnvironmentalInfo?
Status: Proposed
This datamodel will help distinguish between species that occur in natural or human modified environments, and/or in freshwater, brackish, marine and terrestrial habitats. Multiple values are possible. These concepts are different from EcosystemImpacted? and HabitatImpacted? (a terrestrial species can impact aquatic environments). At the GISIN portal someone could filter by ‘terrestrial‘ to get all terrestrial species – whether or not the habitat impacted might be both terrestrial and aquatic.
EnvironmentalInfo supports the following additional Concepts: Possible values for the additional Concepts are listed in the table.
Concept Required Type Values Description
SpeciesEnvironment No String Natural, HumanModified?
The environment in which the species occurs
SpeciesHabitat No String Freshwater, Brackish, Marine, Terrestrial The habitat in which the species occurs
2. PROPOSAL: Change Harmful back to Invasive in BioStatus?
Status: Proposed
Discussion: Many believe that ‘Harm’ is subjective and that it is the culmination of the invasion process, which begins with establishment, then persistence and spread. If we provided the word ‘Invasive’ instead of ‘Harmful’ in the BioStatus? concept, most providers would be able to map to its possible values, but each provider might mean something different. The key differences are between;
1. Scientific uses of the word ‘Invasive’ meaning ability to spread (i.e. Distribution = Widespread or Moderate, and/or Abundance= Dominant or Common) and
2. Policy uses of the word ‘Invasive’ meaning ability to cause harm.
Different meanings or usages can be deduced from the additional concepts for which data is provided. Currently, the first group can select ‘Invasive’ then map their data to Distribution = (Widespread or Moderate), and/or Abundance= (Dominant or Common) and/or Harmful= (Yes or Potentially).
The second group can select ‘Invasive’ then map their data to ImpactStatus? concepts as well as those of group 1.
More Discussion: Folks had major issues with the term “Invasive”. We decided to use “Harmful=Yes”. However, invasiveness data would not be mapped to the ‘Harmful’ concept if there is only evidence of establishment, persistence and spread (e.g. when harm has not been confirmed). A search at the GISIN portal on Harmful = yes would miss this invasiveness data.
BioStatuses support the following additional Concepts. Possible values for the Concepts are listed below this table.
Concept Required Type Values Description
Source No String Citation for the source of the data
Origin Yes String Indigenous, Nonindigenous, Unknown Whether the species is considered to be native to a particular location or not.
Presence Yes String Absent, Sometimes, Present, Unknown There is supporting evidence to show the species is present within the valid date
Persistence No String Persistent, Temporary [let's delete this value. MB], Transient, DiedOut?, Unknown
How successful the organism is at surviving and reproducing
Distribution No String Widespread, Moderate, Localized, Unknown Whether the species is limited to a local area or covers vast tracks of land or water
Abundance No String Dominant, Common, Rare, Zero, Unknown How abundant the organism is
Trend No String Expanding, Stable, Declining, Unknown Whether the range of the organism is increasing or decreasing
RateOfSpread No String Rapid, Moderate, Slow, Unknown How quickly the range of the organism is expanding
Invasive Yes String Yes, No, Potentially, Unknown Whether the organism is considered invasive. 'Spread' information is dealt with here. 'Harm' information in the ImpactStatus? element
RegulartoryListing No String Prohibited, Restricted, NotConsidered, Unknown
The legal regulatory status of the organism
3. ImpactStatus?
3.1 PROPOSAL: Introduce an ImpactMechanism? concept
Status: Proposed
Introduce an ImpactMechanism? concept to handle information about competition, predation, etc. i.e. how IAS damage species habitats and ecosystems. This kind of information is widely available and ImpactMechanism? allows us to make assumptions about which kinds of native species may be threatened.
3.2 PROPOSAL: Change HarmType? values from HarmfulToEconomy? to HarmfulToLivelihoods?.
Status: Proposed
3.3 PROPOSAL: Make HabitatImpacted? non-mandatory
Status: Proposed
ImpactStatuses support the following additional Concepts:
Concept Required Type Values Description
HabitatImpacted No String Freshwater, Brackish, Marine, Terrestrial The habitat being impacted
EcosystemImpacted No String Natural, HumanModified?
Type of ecosystem being impacted
HarmType No String HarmfulToEnvironment, HarmfulToHumanHealth?, HarmfulToLivelihoods?
What values the species is impacting
ImpactMechanism No String Allergenic, Competition, DiseaseTransmission?, Herbivory, Hybridisation, InteractionWithOtherInvasiveSpecies?, Pathogenic/Parasite, PhysicalDisturbance?, Predation, SoilTransformation?, Transpiration, Other, Unknown
Mechanism by which negative impacts occur
*ImpactStrength No String Massive, Strong, Moderate, Weak, None, Unknown How strong the impact is
*ImpactStrength values and descriptions are adapted from: Olenin S, Minchin D, Daunys D (2007) Assessment of biopollution in aquatic ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin (Volume 55, Issues 7-9, 2007, Pages 379-394).
*Some ImpactMechanism? values come from the IUCN Red List’s Authority Files.
4. DispersalStatus?
4.1 PROPOSAL: Introduce a DispersalStatus? Concept called MovementStatus?
Status: Investigation
Discussion: DispersalStatus? applies to species movements at all scales – introduction across international borders as well as dispersal from one watershed to the next. We could introduce a DispersalStatus? Concept called MovementStatus? with possible values = Pre-borderMovement and Post-borderMovement.
4.2 PROPOSAL: Introduce Concepts for DispersalMechanisms? and DisperslPathways?
Status: Proposed
Discussion: The problem with the original Cause and Vector concepts is that it would have been difficult for providers to map to values as there are so many. Now they can map to 1 of 3 dispersal mechanisms and/or 1 of 6 dispersl pathways. This simplified approach lends itself to comparative analysis across a wide range of taxa and to policy applications (see the ‘responsibility’ statement in the Descriptions for Pathway values).
4.3 PROPOSAL: Introduce a DateOfFirst? Report concept
Status: Proposed
Discussion: This date is sometimes available when date of introduction is unknown.
4.4 PROPOSAL: Change Method concept to 'Mode' and make it not mandatory
Status: Proposed
4.5 PROPOSAL: What format should we use for dates?
Proposal: Use the TAPIR standard date format
Status: Existing
Discussion: Michael: YYYY-MM-DD is usually unavailable for ‘Date of introduction’. Typically providers have a year or a decade. How do we handle the lack of MM-DD? Discussion: Michael: You often get pre- or post- a year or a decade. Could we implement something modelled on DAISIE, which uses 2 fields: If the date is precise, the same date appears in both fields. If the first field alone is populated, the meaning = ‘post the date’, if only the second field is populated, the meaning = ‘pre the date’.
Discussion: Jim:We can setup the toolkit to map years (including a decade) to a date field. Mapping multiple columns into a date is more complicated. All databases have standard date fields that can be automatically mapped to the protocol. On this one I think I would suggest we recommend the providers use the SQL standard date fields if at all possible.
DispersalStatuses support the following additional Concepts:
Concept Required Type Values Description
DateOfIntroduction No String (undefined) A textual description of any date (day, month, year, decade, etc.) of introduction
DateOfFirstReport No String (undefined) A textual description of any date (day, month, year, decade, etc.) of first report
Mode No String Natural, Deliberate, Accidental, Unknown A high-level categorization of how the organism is dispersing
MovementStatus No String Pre-borderMovement, Post-borderMovement A high-level categorization of how the organism is dispersing
*Mechanism No String Commodity, Vector, NaturalDispersal?, Unknown
Mechanism of arrival, entry and/or dispersal.
*Pathway No String Release, Escape, Contaminant, Stowaway, Corridor, Unaided, Unknown Process that results in the introduction of alien species from one location to another
FromCountryCode No String See section 4.4.1.3 The country the organism is dispersing from
Route No String (undefined) A textual description of the route the organism took from the FromCountryCode?. If used, a LanguageCode? must be specified.
Mechanism Values
Mechanism of arrival, entry and dispersal
Name Description
Commodity Importation of a commodity
Vector Arrival of a transport vector. Vector means the physical means, agent or mechanism which facilitates the transfer of organisms or their propagules from one place to another.
NaturalDispersal Natural spread from a neighbouring region where the species is alien
Pathways Values
Process that results in the introduction of alien species from one location to another
Name Description
Release Intentional introduction as a commodity for release (examples include biocontrol agents, game animals and plants for erosion control - responsibility should be the applicant’s)
Escape Intentional introduction as a commodity but escapes unintentionally (examples include feral crops and livestock, pets, garden plants, live baits - responsibility should be the importer’s) [should this include illegal release of e.g. pets, fish for stocking, biocontrol agents, game animals?]
Contaminant Unintentional introduction with a specific commodity (examples include parasites, pests and commensals of traded plants and animals - responsibility should be the exporter’s)
Stowaway Unintentional introduction attached to or within a transport vector (examples include hull fouling, ballast water/soil/sediment/organisms - responsibility should be the carrier’s)
Corridor Unintentional introduction via human infrastructures linking previously unconnected regions (examples include Lessepsian migrants, Ponto-Caspian aliens in the Baltic- responsibility should be the developer’s)
Unaided Unintentional introduction through natural dispersal of alien species across political borders (potentially all alien taxa are capable of dispersal - responsibility should be the polluter’s)
*Mechanism and Pathway values and descriptions are adapted from: Hulme PE, Bacher S, Kenis M, Klotz S, K�hn I, Minchin D, Nentwig W, Olenin S, Panov V, Pergl J, Py*ek P, Roques A, Sol D, Solarz W & Vil�, M (2008) Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: a framework to better integrate pathways into policy. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45 (in press).
6. PROPOSAL: Have a Metadata DataModel?.
Status: Investigating
Jim: Does TDWG have something we can use here? The TAPIR MetaData? DataModel? is for the entire data source so it does not fit well.
7. PROPOSAL: Have a Citation DataModel?.
Status: Investigating
Jim: Does TDWG have something we can use here?
8. PROPOSAL: Add GUIDs to each record using LSIDs where appropriate
Status: Proposed
9. PROPOSAL: We need a method to add general text to each record for comments, descriptions, etc.
Status: Proposed
Discussion: Add a “Comments” text field to each DataModel? but insure that the documentation indicates it should not be used for information that is covered in elsewhere in the protocol and cannot be queried at the same level of performance or reliability.
* Comments:
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-- Main.AnnieSimpson - 01 Mar 2008@
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