---+++++ Path based Conceptual Binding To reference a concept it's necessary to: a. identify the ConceptualSchema it belongs to * --> schema namespace * identifiy the concept(element) within that schema * --> exact xpath to just 1 element So a reference to any concept could look like this: ** or for attributes: ** Where "ns" is a namespace prefix previously declared like: xmlns:ns="http://www.tdwg.org/someschema" Note: Another alternative for referencing schemas could be to use the xml ID & IDREF mechanism to refer via IDREF to a list of schema namespaces defined somewhere with their xml IDs.