diff --git a/build/terms.tmpl b/build/terms.tmpl index 96365ca..d748fa2 100644 --- a/build/terms.tmpl +++ b/build/terms.tmpl @@ -1,13 +1,16 @@ {# - This template is NOT used by jekyll, but by the Darwin Core build script - to create the terms/index.md file, which mostly contains html. + This template is NOT used by jekyll, but by the Darwin Core build script + to create the terms/index.md file, which mostly contains html. #} ---- -container: fluid ---- # Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide + + This document is intended to be an easy-to-read reference of the currently (as of 2021-07-15) recommended terms maintained as part of the [Darwin Core standard](https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/) and is maintained by the [Darwin Core Maintenance Group](https://www.tdwg.org/community/dwc/). This page is not part of the standard, but combines the normative term names and definitions with the non-normative comments and examples that are meant to help people to use the terms consistently. Capitalized terms, such as Occurrence, are Darwin Core classes, which are special category terms used to group sets of terms for convenience. Comprehensive metadata for current and obsolete terms in human readable form are found in the document [List of Darwin Core terms](../list/). @@ -27,52 +30,55 @@ This category contains terms that are generic in that they might apply to any ty For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https://dwc.tdwg.org/rdf/#25-terms-in-the-dwciri-namespace-normative). {% endif %}
- {% for term in class_group.terms %} - {{ term.label }} - {% endfor %} + {% for term in class_group.terms %} + {{ term.label }} + {% endfor %}
{% if class_group.label != 'Record-level' and class_group.label != 'UseWithIRI' %} {# Class #} - - - - - - - - +
{{ class_group.label }} Class
Identifier{{ class_group.iri }}
Definition{{ class_group.definition }}
Comments{{ class_group.comments }}
Examples{{ class_group.examples }}
+ + + + + + +
{{ class_group.label }} Class
Identifier{{ class_group.iri }}
Definition{{ class_group.definition }}
Comments{{ class_group.comments }}
Examples{{ class_group.examples }}
{%endif %} {% for term in class_group.terms %} {# Term #} - - - - - - - - +
{{ term.label }} Property
Identifier{{ term.iri }}
Definition{{ term.definition }}
Comments{{ term.comments }}
Examples{{ term.examples }}
+ + + + + + +
{{ term.label }}
Identifier{{ term.iri }}
Definition{{ term.definition }}
Comments{{ term.comments }}
Examples{{ term.examples }}
{% endfor %} {% endfor %} -# Cite Darwin Core +## Cite Darwin Core To cite Darwin Core in general, use the peer-reviewed article on Darwin Core: -Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. +> Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. To cite the standard document upon which this page is built, use the following: -Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). +> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). To cite this document specifically, use the following: -Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). +> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). diff --git a/docs/terms/index.md b/docs/terms/index.md index 9587c39..06c6e04 100644 --- a/docs/terms/index.md +++ b/docs/terms/index.md @@ -1,9 +1,12 @@ ---- -container: fluid ---- # Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide + + This document is intended to be an easy-to-read reference of the currently (as of 2021-07-15) recommended terms maintained as part of the [Darwin Core standard](https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/) and is maintained by the [Darwin Core Maintenance Group](https://www.tdwg.org/community/dwc/). This page is not part of the standard, but combines the normative term names and definitions with the non-normative comments and examples that are meant to help people to use the terms consistently. Capitalized terms, such as Occurrence, are Darwin Core classes, which are special category terms used to group sets of terms for convenience. Comprehensive metadata for current and obsolete terms in human readable form are found in the document [List of Darwin Core terms](../list/). @@ -17,2530 +20,2922 @@ For inquiries about how to use Darwin Core, either enter an issue in the [Darwin This category contains terms that are generic in that they might apply to any type of record in a dataset.
- type - modified - language - license - rightsHolder - accessRights - bibliographicCitation - references - institutionID - collectionID - datasetID - institutionCode - collectionCode - datasetName - ownerInstitutionCode - basisOfRecord - informationWithheld - dataGeneralizations - dynamicProperties -
+ type + modified + language + license + rightsHolder + accessRights + bibliographicCitation + references + institutionID + collectionID + datasetID + institutionCode + collectionCode + datasetName + ownerInstitutionCode + basisOfRecord + informationWithheld + dataGeneralizations + dynamicProperties + - - - - - - - - + + +

+
type Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type
DefinitionThe nature or genre of the resource.
CommentsMust be populated with a value from the DCMI type vocabulary (http://dublincore.org/documents/2010/10/11/dcmi-type-vocabulary/).
ExamplesStillImage, MovingImage, Sound, PhysicalObject, Event, Text
+ + + + + + +
type
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type
DefinitionThe nature or genre of the resource.
CommentsMust be populated with a value from the DCMI type vocabulary (http://dublincore.org/documents/2010/10/11/dcmi-type-vocabulary/).
ExamplesStillImage, MovingImage, Sound, PhysicalObject, Event, Text
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
modified Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
DefinitionThe most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
modified
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
DefinitionThe most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
language Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
DefinitionA language of the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 5646.
Examplesen (for English), es (for Spanish)
+ + + + + + +
language
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
DefinitionA language of the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 5646.
Examplesen (for English), es (for Spanish)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
license Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/license
DefinitionA legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
Comments
Exampleshttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
+ + + + + + +
license
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/license
DefinitionA legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
Comments
Exampleshttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
rightsHolder Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder
DefinitionA person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Comments
ExamplesThe Regents of the University of California
+ + + + + + +
rightsHolder
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder
DefinitionA person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Comments
ExamplesThe Regents of the University of California
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
accessRights Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/accessRights
DefinitionInformation about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
CommentsAccess Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Examplesnot-for-profit use only, https://www.fieldmuseum.org/field-museum-natural-history-conditions-and-suggested-norms-use-collections-data-and-images
+ + + + + + +
accessRights
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/accessRights
DefinitionInformation about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
CommentsAccess Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Examplesnot-for-profit use only, https://www.fieldmuseum.org/field-museum-natural-history-conditions-and-suggested-norms-use-collections-data-and-images
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
bibliographicCitation Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
DefinitionA bibliographic reference for the resource as a statement indicating how this record should be cited (attributed) when used.
CommentsFrom Dublin Core, "Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself - "how to cite this record". Note that the intended usage of dcterms:references in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource - "where to find the as-close-to-original reference, if one is available.
ExamplesOccurrence example: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley. MVZ Mammal Collection (Arctos). Record ID: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861?seid=101356. Source: http://ipt.vertnet.org:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mvz_mammal. Taxon example: https://www.gbif.org/species/2439608 Source: GBIF Taxonomic Backbone, Event example: Rand, K.M., Logerwell, E.A. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol 34, 475–488 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0900-2
+ + + + + + +
bibliographicCitation
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
DefinitionA bibliographic reference for the resource as a statement indicating how this record should be cited (attributed) when used.
CommentsFrom Dublin Core, "Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself - "how to cite this record". Note that the intended usage of dcterms:references in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource - "where to find the as-close-to-original reference, if one is available.
ExamplesOccurrence example: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley. MVZ Mammal Collection (Arctos). Record ID: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861?seid=101356. Source: http://ipt.vertnet.org:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mvz_mammal. Taxon example: https://www.gbif.org/species/2439608 Source: GBIF Taxonomic Backbone, Event example: Rand, K.M., Logerwell, E.A. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol 34, 475–488 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0900-2
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
references Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/references
DefinitionA related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
CommentsFrom Dublin Core, "This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource (e.g.,Taxon, Occurrence, Event in Darwin Core), if one is available. Note that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself.
ExamplesMaterialSample example: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861, Taxon example: https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/32664
+ + + + + + +
references
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/references
DefinitionA related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
CommentsFrom Dublin Core, "This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource (e.g.,Taxon, Occurrence, Event in Darwin Core), if one is available. Note that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself.
ExamplesMaterialSample example: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861, Taxon example: https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/32664
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
institutionID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionID
DefinitionAn identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
CommentsFor physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use an identifier from a collections registry such as the Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (http://grbio.org/).
Exampleshttp://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777, http://grbio.org/cool/km06-gtbn
+ + + + + + +
institutionID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionID
DefinitionAn identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
CommentsFor physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use an identifier from a collections registry such as the Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (http://grbio.org/).
Exampleshttp://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777, http://grbio.org/cool/km06-gtbn
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
collectionID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionID
DefinitionAn identifier for the collection or dataset from which the record was derived.
CommentsFor physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use an identifier from a collections registry such as the Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (http://grbio.org/).
Exampleshttp://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1001, http://grbio.org/cool/p5fp-c036
+ + + + + + +
collectionID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionID
DefinitionAn identifier for the collection or dataset from which the record was derived.
CommentsFor physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use an identifier from a collections registry such as the Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (http://grbio.org/).
Exampleshttp://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1001, http://grbio.org/cool/p5fp-c036
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
datasetID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of data. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a collection or institution.
Comments
Examplesb15d4952-7d20-46f1-8a3e-556a512b04c5
+ + + + + + +
datasetID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of data. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a collection or institution.
Comments
Examplesb15d4952-7d20-46f1-8a3e-556a512b04c5
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
institutionCode Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode
DefinitionThe name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
Comments
ExamplesMVZ, FMNH, CLO, UCMP
+ + + + + + +
institutionCode
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode
DefinitionThe name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
Comments
ExamplesMVZ, FMNH, CLO, UCMP
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
collectionCode Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode
DefinitionThe name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying the collection or data set from which the record was derived.
Comments
ExamplesMammals, Hildebrandt, EBIRD, VP
+ + + + + + +
collectionCode
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode
DefinitionThe name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying the collection or data set from which the record was derived.
Comments
ExamplesMammals, Hildebrandt, EBIRD, VP
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
datasetName Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetName
DefinitionThe name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.
Comments
ExamplesGrinnell Resurvey Mammals, Lacey Ctenomys Recaptures
+ + + + + + +
datasetName
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetName
DefinitionThe name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.
Comments
ExamplesGrinnell Resurvey Mammals, Lacey Ctenomys Recaptures
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
ownerInstitutionCode Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ownerInstitutionCode
DefinitionThe name (or acronym) in use by the institution having ownership of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
Comments
ExamplesNPS, APN, InBio
+ + + + + + +
ownerInstitutionCode
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ownerInstitutionCode
DefinitionThe name (or acronym) in use by the institution having ownership of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
Comments
ExamplesNPS, APN, InBio
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
basisOfRecord Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord
DefinitionThe specific nature of the data record.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the standard label of one of the Darwin Core classes.
ExamplesPreservedSpecimen, FossilSpecimen, LivingSpecimen, MaterialSample, Event, HumanObservation, MachineObservation, Taxon, Occurrence, MaterialCitation
+ + + + + + +
basisOfRecord
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord
DefinitionThe specific nature of the data record.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the standard label of one of the Darwin Core classes.
ExamplesPreservedSpecimen, FossilSpecimen, LivingSpecimen, MaterialSample, Event, HumanObservation, MachineObservation, Taxon, Occurrence, MaterialCitation
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
informationWithheld Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/informationWithheld
DefinitionAdditional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
Comments
Exampleslocation information not given for endangered species, collector identities withheld | ask about tissue samples
+ + + + + + +
informationWithheld
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/informationWithheld
DefinitionAdditional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
Comments
Exampleslocation information not given for endangered species, collector identities withheld | ask about tissue samples
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
dataGeneralizations Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dataGeneralizations
DefinitionActions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
Comments
ExamplesCoordinates generalized from original GPS coordinates to the nearest half degree grid cell.
+ + + + + + +
dataGeneralizations
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dataGeneralizations
DefinitionActions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
Comments
ExamplesCoordinates generalized from original GPS coordinates to the nearest half degree grid cell.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
dynamicProperties Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dynamicProperties
DefinitionA list of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record. Meant to provide a mechanism for structured content.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a key:value encoding schema for a data interchange format such as JSON.
Examples{"heightInMeters":1.5}, {"tragusLengthInMeters":0.014, "weightInGrams":120}, {"natureOfID":"expert identification", "identificationEvidence":"cytochrome B sequence"}, {"relativeHumidity":28, "airTemperatureInCelsius":22, "sampleSizeInKilograms":10}, {"aspectHeading":277, "slopeInDegrees":6}, {"iucnStatus":"vulnerable", "taxonDistribution":"Neuquén, Argentina"}
+ + + + + + +
dynamicProperties
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dynamicProperties
DefinitionA list of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record. Meant to provide a mechanism for structured content.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a key:value encoding schema for a data interchange format such as JSON.
Examples{"heightInMeters":1.5}, {"tragusLengthInMeters":0.014, "weightInGrams":120}, {"natureOfID":"expert identification", "identificationEvidence":"cytochrome B sequence"}, {"relativeHumidity":28, "airTemperatureInCelsius":22, "sampleSizeInKilograms":10}, {"aspectHeading":277, "slopeInDegrees":6}, {"iucnStatus":"vulnerable", "taxonDistribution":"Neuquén, Argentina"}
## Occurrence
- occurrenceID - catalogNumber - recordNumber - recordedBy - recordedByID - individualCount - organismQuantity - organismQuantityType - sex - lifeStage - reproductiveCondition - behavior - establishmentMeans - degreeOfEstablishment - pathway - georeferenceVerificationStatus - occurrenceStatus - preparations - disposition - associatedMedia - associatedOccurrences - associatedReferences - associatedSequences - associatedTaxa - otherCatalogNumbers - occurrenceRemarks -
+ occurrenceID + catalogNumber + recordNumber + recordedBy + recordedByID + individualCount + organismQuantity + organismQuantityType + sex + lifeStage + reproductiveCondition + behavior + establishmentMeans + degreeOfEstablishment + pathway + georeferenceVerificationStatus + occurrenceStatus + preparations + disposition + associatedMedia + associatedOccurrences + associatedReferences + associatedSequences + associatedTaxa + otherCatalogNumbers + occurrenceRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Occurrence Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence
DefinitionAn existence of an Organism (sensu http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism) at a particular place at a particular time.
Comments
ExamplesA wolf pack on the shore of Kluane Lake in 1988. A virus in a plant leaf in the New York Botanical Garden at 15:29 on 2014-10-23. A fungus in Central Park in the summer of 1929.
+ + + + + + +
Occurrence Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence
DefinitionAn existence of an Organism (sensu http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism) at a particular place at a particular time.
Comments
ExamplesA wolf pack on the shore of Kluane Lake in 1988. A virus in a plant leaf in the New York Botanical Garden at 15:29 on 2014-10-23. A fungus in Central Park in the summer of 1929.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
occurrenceID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the occurrenceID globally unique.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
Exampleshttp://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:233627, 000866d2-c177-4648-a200-ead4007051b9, urn:catalog:UWBM:Bird:89776
+ + + + + + +
occurrenceID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the occurrenceID globally unique.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
Exampleshttp://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:233627, 000866d2-c177-4648-a200-ead4007051b9, urn:catalog:UWBM:Bird:89776
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
catalogNumber Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber
DefinitionAn identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection.
Comments
Examples145732, 145732a, 2008.1334, R-4313
+ + + + + + +
catalogNumber
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber
DefinitionAn identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection.
Comments
Examples145732, 145732a, 2008.1334, R-4313
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
recordNumber Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and an Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
Comments
ExamplesOPP 7101
+ + + + + + +
recordNumber
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and an Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
Comments
ExamplesOPP 7101
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
recordedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (recordNumber), should be listed first.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesJosé E. Crespo. Oliver P. Pearson | Anita K. Pearson (where the value in recordNumber OPP 7101 corresponds to the collector number for the specimen in the field catalog of Oliver P. Pearson).
+ + + + + + +
recordedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (recordNumber), should be listed first.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesJosé E. Crespo. Oliver P. Pearson | Anita K. Pearson (where the value in recordNumber OPP 7101 corresponds to the collector number for the specimen in the field catalog of Oliver P. Pearson).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
recordedByID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedByID
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, it is recommended to separate the values in the list with space vertical bar space ( | ). The order of the identifiers on any list for this term can not be guaranteed to convey any semantics.
Exampleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 (for an individual); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098 (for a list of people).
+ + + + + + +
recordedByID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedByID
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, it is recommended to separate the values in the list with space vertical bar space ( | ). The order of the identifiers on any list for this term can not be guaranteed to convey any semantics.
Exampleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 (for an individual); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098 (for a list of people).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
individualCount Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount
DefinitionThe number of individuals present at the time of the Occurrence.
Comments
Examples0, 1, 25
+ + + + + + +
individualCount
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount
DefinitionThe number of individuals present at the time of the Occurrence.
Comments
Examples0, 1, 25
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismQuantity Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantity
DefinitionA number or enumeration value for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsAn organismQuantity must have a corresponding organismQuantityType.
Examples27 (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType). 12.5 (organismQuantity) with % biomass (organismQuantityType). r (organismQuantity) with Braun Blanquet Scale (organismQuantityType). many (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType).
+ + + + + + +
organismQuantity
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantity
DefinitionA number or enumeration value for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsAn organismQuantity must have a corresponding organismQuantityType.
Examples27 (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType). 12.5 (organismQuantity) with % biomass (organismQuantityType). r (organismQuantity) with Braun Blanquet Scale (organismQuantityType). many (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismQuantityType Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantityType
DefinitionThe type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsA dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
Examples27 (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType). 12.5 (organismQuantity) with %biomass (organismQuantityType). r (organismQuantity) with BraunBlanquetScale (organismQuantityType).
+ + + + + + +
organismQuantityType
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantityType
DefinitionThe type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsA dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
Examples27 (organismQuantity) with individuals (organismQuantityType). 12.5 (organismQuantity) with %biomass (organismQuantityType). r (organismQuantity) with BraunBlanquetScale (organismQuantityType).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
sex Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
DefinitionThe sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesfemale, male, hermaphrodite
+ + + + + + +
sex
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
DefinitionThe sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesfemale, male, hermaphrodite
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
lifeStage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage
DefinitionThe age class or life stage of the Organism(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Exampleszygote, larva, juvenile, adult, seedling, flowering, fruiting
+ + + + + + +
lifeStage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage
DefinitionThe age class or life stage of the Organism(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Exampleszygote, larva, juvenile, adult, seedling, flowering, fruiting
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
reproductiveCondition Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/reproductiveCondition
DefinitionThe reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesnon-reproductive, pregnant, in bloom, fruit-bearing
+ + + + + + +
reproductiveCondition
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/reproductiveCondition
DefinitionThe reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesnon-reproductive, pregnant, in bloom, fruit-bearing
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
behavior Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/behavior
DefinitionThe behavior shown by the subject at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
Comments
Examplesroosting, foraging, running
+ + + + + + +
behavior
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/behavior
DefinitionThe behavior shown by the subject at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
Comments
Examplesroosting, foraging, running
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
establishmentMeans Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/establishmentMeans
DefinitionStatement about whether an organism or organisms have been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
Examplesnative, nativeReintroduced, introduced, introducedAssistedColonisation, vagrant, uncertain
+ + + + + + +
establishmentMeans
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/establishmentMeans
DefinitionStatement about whether an organism or organisms have been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
Examplesnative, nativeReintroduced, introduced, introducedAssistedColonisation, vagrant, uncertain
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
degreeOfEstablishment Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/degreeOfEstablishment
DefinitionThe degree to which an Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
Examplesnative, captive, cultivated, released, failing, casual, reproducing, established, colonising, invasive, widespreadInvasive
+ + + + + + +
degreeOfEstablishment
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/degreeOfEstablishment
DefinitionThe degree to which an Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
Examplesnative, captive, cultivated, released, failing, casual, reproducing, established, colonising, invasive, widespreadInvasive
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
pathway Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pathway
DefinitionThe process by which an Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
ExamplesreleasedForUse, otherEscape, transportContaminant, transportStowaway, corridor, unaided
+ + + + + + +
pathway
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pathway
DefinitionThe process by which an Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084
ExamplesreleasedForUse, otherEscape, transportContaminant, transportStowaway, corridor, unaided
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferenceVerificationStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the Location of the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesunable to georeference, requires georeference, requires verification, verified by data custodian, verified by contributor
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceVerificationStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the Location of the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesunable to georeference, requires georeference, requires verification, verified by data custodian, verified by contributor
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
occurrenceStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceStatus
DefinitionA statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location.
CommentsFor Occurrences, the default vocabulary is recommended to consist of "present" and "absent", but can be extended by implementers with good justification.
Examplespresent, absent
+ + + + + + +
occurrenceStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceStatus
DefinitionA statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location.
CommentsFor Occurrences, the default vocabulary is recommended to consist of "present" and "absent", but can be extended by implementers with good justification.
Examplespresent, absent
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
preparations Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examplesfossil, cast, photograph, DNA extract, skin | skull | skeleton, whole animal (ETOH) | tissue (EDTA)
+ + + + + + +
preparations
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examplesfossil, cast, photograph, DNA extract, skin | skull | skeleton, whole animal (ETOH) | tissue (EDTA)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
disposition Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/disposition
DefinitionThe current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesin collection, missing, voucher elsewhere, duplicates elsewhere
+ + + + + + +
disposition
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/disposition
DefinitionThe current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesin collection, missing, voucher elsewhere, duplicates elsewhere
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedMedia Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedMedia
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of media associated with the Occurrence.
Comments
Exampleshttps://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 | https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520964
+ + + + + + +
associatedMedia
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedMedia
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of media associated with the Occurrence.
Comments
Exampleshttps://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 | https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520964
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedOccurrences Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOccurrences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Occurrence records and their associations to this Occurrence.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to other Occurrences. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"parasite collected from":"https://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:215895?seid=950760", "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3175067" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177393" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177394" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177392" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3609139"
+ + + + + + +
associatedOccurrences
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOccurrences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Occurrence records and their associations to this Occurrence.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to other Occurrences. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"parasite collected from":"https://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:215895?seid=950760", "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3175067" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177393" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177394" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177392" | "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3609139"
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedReferences Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedReferences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ). Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Note also that the intended usage of the term dcterms:references in Darwin Core when applied to an Occurrence is to point to the definitive source representation of that Occurrence if one is available. Note also that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core when applied to an Occurrence is to provide the preferred way to cite the Occurrence itself.
Exampleshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5899/261, Christopher J. Conroy, Jennifer L. Neuwald. 2008. Phylogeographic study of the California vole, Microtus californicus Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3):755-767., Steven R. Hoofer and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships of Plecotine Bats and Allies Based on Mitochondrial Ribosomal Sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 82(1):131-137. | Walker, Faith M., Jeffrey T. Foster, Kevin P. Drees, Carol L. Chambers. 2014. Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) microsatellite discovery using illumina sequencing. Conservation Genetics Resources.
+ + + + + + +
associatedReferences
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedReferences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ). Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Note also that the intended usage of the term dcterms:references in Darwin Core when applied to an Occurrence is to point to the definitive source representation of that Occurrence if one is available. Note also that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core when applied to an Occurrence is to provide the preferred way to cite the Occurrence itself.
Exampleshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5899/261, Christopher J. Conroy, Jennifer L. Neuwald. 2008. Phylogeographic study of the California vole, Microtus californicus Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3):755-767., Steven R. Hoofer and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships of Plecotine Bats and Allies Based on Mitochondrial Ribosomal Sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 82(1):131-137. | Walker, Faith M., Jeffrey T. Foster, Kevin P. Drees, Carol L. Chambers. 2014. Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) microsatellite discovery using illumina sequencing. Conservation Genetics Resources.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedSequences Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of genetic sequence information associated with the Occurrence.
Comments
Exampleshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U34853.1, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU328060 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF326093
+ + + + + + +
associatedSequences
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of genetic sequence information associated with the Occurrence.
Comments
Exampleshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U34853.1, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU328060 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF326093
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedTaxa Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedTaxa
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers or names of taxa and the associations of this Occurrence to each of them.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to Taxa other than the one defined in the Occurrence. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. This term is not apt for establishing relationships between Taxa, only between specific Occurrences of an Organism with other Taxa. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"host":"Quercus alba", "host":"gbif.org/species/2879737","parasitoid of":"Cyclocephala signaticollis" | "predator of":"Apis mellifera"
+ + + + + + +
associatedTaxa
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedTaxa
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers or names of taxa and the associations of this Occurrence to each of them.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to Taxa other than the one defined in the Occurrence. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. This term is not apt for establishing relationships between Taxa, only between specific Occurrences of an Organism with other Taxa. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"host":"Quercus alba", "host":"gbif.org/species/2879737","parasitoid of":"Cyclocephala signaticollis" | "predator of":"Apis mellifera"
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
otherCatalogNumbers Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/otherCatalogNumbers
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of previous or alternate fully qualified catalog numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same Occurrence, whether in the current or any other data set or collection.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesFMNH:Mammal:1234, NPS YELLO6778 | MBG 33424
+ + + + + + +
otherCatalogNumbers
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/otherCatalogNumbers
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of previous or alternate fully qualified catalog numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same Occurrence, whether in the current or any other data set or collection.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesFMNH:Mammal:1234, NPS YELLO6778 | MBG 33424
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
occurrenceRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Occurrence.
Comments
Examplesfound dead on road
+ + + + + + +
occurrenceRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Occurrence.
Comments
Examplesfound dead on road
## Organism
- organismID - organismName - organismScope - associatedOrganisms - previousIdentifications - organismRemarks -
+ organismID + organismName + organismScope + associatedOrganisms + previousIdentifications + organismRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Organism Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism
DefinitionA particular organism or defined group of organisms considered to be taxonomically homogeneous.
CommentsInstances of the dwc:Organism class are intended to facilitate linking one or more dwc:Identification instances to one or more dwc:Occurrence instances. Therefore, things that are typically assigned scientific names (such as viruses, hybrids, and lichens) and aggregates whose occurrences are typically recorded (such as packs, clones, and colonies) are included in the scope of this class.
ExamplesA specific bird. A specific wolf pack. A specific instance of a bacterial culture.
+ + + + + + +
Organism Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism
DefinitionA particular organism or defined group of organisms considered to be taxonomically homogeneous.
CommentsInstances of the dwc:Organism class are intended to facilitate linking one or more dwc:Identification instances to one or more dwc:Occurrence instances. Therefore, things that are typically assigned scientific names (such as viruses, hybrids, and lichens) and aggregates whose occurrences are typically recorded (such as packs, clones, and colonies) are included in the scope of this class.
ExamplesA specific bird. A specific wolf pack. A specific instance of a bacterial culture.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Organism instance (as opposed to a particular digital record of the Organism). May be a globally unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttp://arctos.database.museum/guid/WNMU:Mamm:1249
+ + + + + + +
organismID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Organism instance (as opposed to a particular digital record of the Organism). May be a globally unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttp://arctos.database.museum/guid/WNMU:Mamm:1249
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismName Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismName
DefinitionA textual name or label assigned to an Organism instance.
Comments
ExamplesHuberta, Boab Prison Tree, J pod
+ + + + + + +
organismName
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismName
DefinitionA textual name or label assigned to an Organism instance.
Comments
ExamplesHuberta, Boab Prison Tree, J pod
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismScope Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismScope
DefinitionA description of the kind of Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of taxon. To describe the kind of dwc:Organism using a URI object in RDF, use rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type) instead.
Examplesmulticellular organism, virus, clone, pack, colony
+ + + + + + +
organismScope
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismScope
DefinitionA description of the kind of Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of taxon. To describe the kind of dwc:Organism using a URI object in RDF, use rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type) instead.
Examplesmulticellular organism, virus, clone, pack, colony
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
associatedOrganisms Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOrganisms
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Organisms and the associations of this Organism to each of them.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to other Organisms. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/DMNS:Mamm:14171", "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196208" | "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196523" | "sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:142638"
+ + + + + + +
associatedOrganisms
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOrganisms
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Organisms and the associations of this Organism to each of them.
CommentsThis term can be used to provide a list of associations to other Organisms. Note that the ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examples"sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/DMNS:Mamm:14171", "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196208" | "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196523" | "sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:142638"
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
previousIdentifications Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/previousIdentifications
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of previous assignments of names to the Organism.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesChalepidae, Pinus abies, Anthus sp., field ID by G. Iglesias | Anthus correndera, expert ID by C. Cicero 2009-02-12 based on morphology
+ + + + + + +
previousIdentifications
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/previousIdentifications
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of previous assignments of names to the Organism.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesChalepidae, Pinus abies, Anthus sp., field ID by G. Iglesias | Anthus correndera, expert ID by C. Cicero 2009-02-12 based on morphology
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
organismRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Organism instance.
Comments
ExamplesOne of a litter of six
+ + + + + + +
organismRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Organism instance.
Comments
ExamplesOne of a litter of six
## MaterialSample
- materialSampleID -
+ materialSampleID + - - - - - - - - +
MaterialSample Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample
DefinitionA physical result of a sampling (or subsampling) event. In biological collections, the material sample is typically collected, and either preserved or destructively processed.
Comments
ExamplesA whole organism preserved in a collection. A part of an organism isolated for some purpose. A soil sample. A marine microbial sample.
+ + + + + + +
MaterialSample Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample
DefinitionA physical result of a sampling (or subsampling) event. In biological collections, the material sample is typically collected, and either preserved or destructively processed.
Comments
ExamplesA whole organism preserved in a collection. A part of an organism isolated for some purpose. A soil sample. A marine microbial sample.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
materialSampleID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialSampleID
DefinitionAn identifier for the MaterialSample (as opposed to a particular digital record of the material sample). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the materialSampleID globally unique.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
Examples06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083
+ + + + + + +
materialSampleID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialSampleID
DefinitionAn identifier for the MaterialSample (as opposed to a particular digital record of the material sample). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the materialSampleID globally unique.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
Examples06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083
## Event
- eventID - parentEventID - fieldNumber - eventDate - eventTime - startDayOfYear - endDayOfYear - year - month - day - verbatimEventDate - habitat - samplingProtocol - sampleSizeValue - sampleSizeUnit - samplingEffort - fieldNotes - eventRemarks -
+ eventID + parentEventID + fieldNumber + eventDate + eventTime + startDayOfYear + endDayOfYear + year + month + day + verbatimEventDate + habitat + samplingProtocol + sampleSizeValue + sampleSizeUnit + samplingEffort + fieldNotes + eventRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Event Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event
DefinitionAn action that occurs at some location during some time.
Comments
ExamplesA specimen collection process. A camera trap image capture. A marine trawl.
+ + + + + + +
Event Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event
DefinitionAn action that occurs at some location during some time.
Comments
ExamplesA specimen collection process. A camera trap image capture. A marine trawl.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
eventID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
ExamplesINBO:VIS:Ev:00009375
+ + + + + + +
eventID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
ExamplesINBO:VIS:Ev:00009375
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
parentEventID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID
DefinitionAn identifier for the broader Event that groups this and potentially other Events.
CommentsUse a globally unique identifier for a dwc:Event or an identifier for a dwc:Event that is specific to the data set.
ExamplesA1 (parentEventID to identify the main Whittaker Plot in nested samples, each with its own eventID - A1:1, A1:2).
+ + + + + + +
parentEventID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID
DefinitionAn identifier for the broader Event that groups this and potentially other Events.
CommentsUse a globally unique identifier for a dwc:Event or an identifier for a dwc:Event that is specific to the data set.
ExamplesA1 (parentEventID to identify the main Whittaker Plot in nested samples, each with its own eventID - A1:1, A1:2).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
fieldNumber Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event.
Comments
ExamplesRV Sol 87-03-08
+ + + + + + +
fieldNumber
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event.
Comments
ExamplesRV Sol 87-03-08
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
eventDate Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate
DefinitionThe date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
eventDate
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate
DefinitionThe date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
eventTime Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventTime
DefinitionThe time or interval during which an Event occurred.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples14:07-0600 (2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 08:40:21Z (8:40:21am UTC). 13:00:00Z/15:30:00Z (the interval between 1pm UTC and 3:30pm UTC).
+ + + + + + +
eventTime
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventTime
DefinitionThe time or interval during which an Event occurred.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples14:07-0600 (2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 08:40:21Z (8:40:21am UTC). 13:00:00Z/15:30:00Z (the interval between 1pm UTC and 3:30pm UTC).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
startDayOfYear Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear
DefinitionThe earliest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
Comments
Examples1 (1 January). 366 (31 December), 365 (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year).
+ + + + + + +
startDayOfYear
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear
DefinitionThe earliest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
Comments
Examples1 (1 January). 366 (31 December), 365 (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
endDayOfYear Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/endDayOfYear
DefinitionThe latest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
Comments
Examples1 (1 January). 32 (1 February). 366 (31 December). 365 (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year).
+ + + + + + +
endDayOfYear
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/endDayOfYear
DefinitionThe latest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
Comments
Examples1 (1 January). 32 (1 February). 366 (31 December). 365 (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
year Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year
DefinitionThe four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.
Comments
Examples1160, 2008
+ + + + + + +
year
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year
DefinitionThe four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.
Comments
Examples1160, 2008
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
month Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/month
DefinitionThe integer month in which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examples1 (January). 10 (October).
+ + + + + + +
month
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/month
DefinitionThe integer month in which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examples1 (January). 10 (October).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
day Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/day
DefinitionThe integer day of the month on which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examples9, 28
+ + + + + + +
day
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/day
DefinitionThe integer day of the month on which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examples9, 28
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimEventDate Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate
DefinitionThe verbatim original representation of the date and time information for an Event.
Comments
Examplesspring 1910, Marzo 2002, 1999-03-XX, 17IV1934
+ + + + + + +
verbatimEventDate
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate
DefinitionThe verbatim original representation of the date and time information for an Event.
Comments
Examplesspring 1910, Marzo 2002, 1999-03-XX, 17IV1934
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
habitat Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/habitat
DefinitionA category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examplesoak savanna, pre-cordilleran steppe
+ + + + + + +
habitat
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/habitat
DefinitionA category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.
Comments
Examplesoak savanna, pre-cordilleran steppe
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
samplingProtocol Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol
DefinitionThe names of, references to, or descriptions of the methods or protocols used during an Event.
CommentsRecommended best practice is describe an Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary Event with multiple protocols, in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesUV light trap, mist net, bottom trawl, ad hoc observation | point count, Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x, Takats et al. 2001. Guidelines for Nocturnal Owl Monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, Alberta. 32 pp., http://www.bsc-eoc.org/download/Owl.pdf
+ + + + + + +
samplingProtocol
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol
DefinitionThe names of, references to, or descriptions of the methods or protocols used during an Event.
CommentsRecommended best practice is describe an Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary Event with multiple protocols, in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesUV light trap, mist net, bottom trawl, ad hoc observation | point count, Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x, Takats et al. 2001. Guidelines for Nocturnal Owl Monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, Alberta. 32 pp., http://www.bsc-eoc.org/download/Owl.pdf
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
sampleSizeValue Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeValue
DefinitionA numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeValue must have a corresponding sampleSizeUnit.
Examples5 for sampleSizeValue with metre for sampleSizeUnit.
+ + + + + + +
sampleSizeValue
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeValue
DefinitionA numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeValue must have a corresponding sampleSizeUnit.
Examples5 for sampleSizeValue with metre for sampleSizeUnit.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
sampleSizeUnit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeUnit
DefinitionThe unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding sampleSizeValue, e.g., 5 for sampleSizeValue with metre for sampleSizeUnit.
Examplesminute, hour, day, metre, square metre, cubic metre
+ + + + + + +
sampleSizeUnit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampleSizeUnit
DefinitionThe unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding sampleSizeValue, e.g., 5 for sampleSizeValue with metre for sampleSizeUnit.
Examplesminute, hour, day, metre, square metre, cubic metre
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
samplingEffort Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort
DefinitionThe amount of effort expended during an Event.
Comments
Examples40 trap-nights, 10 observer-hours, 10 km by foot, 30 km by car
+ + + + + + +
samplingEffort
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort
DefinitionThe amount of effort expended during an Event.
Comments
Examples40 trap-nights, 10 observer-hours, 10 km by foot, 30 km by car
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
fieldNotes Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNotes
DefinitionOne of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event.
Comments
ExamplesNotes available in the Grinnell-Miller Library.
+ + + + + + +
fieldNotes
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNotes
DefinitionOne of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event.
Comments
ExamplesNotes available in the Grinnell-Miller Library.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
eventRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Event.
Comments
ExamplesAfter the recent rains the river is nearly at flood stage.
+ + + + + + +
eventRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Event.
Comments
ExamplesAfter the recent rains the river is nearly at flood stage.
## Location
- locationID - higherGeographyID - higherGeography - continent - waterBody - islandGroup - island - country - countryCode - stateProvince - county - municipality - locality - verbatimLocality - minimumElevationInMeters - maximumElevationInMeters - verbatimElevation - verticalDatum - minimumDepthInMeters - maximumDepthInMeters - verbatimDepth - minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters - maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters - locationAccordingTo - locationRemarks - decimalLatitude - decimalLongitude - geodeticDatum - coordinateUncertaintyInMeters - coordinatePrecision - pointRadiusSpatialFit - verbatimCoordinates - verbatimLatitude - verbatimLongitude - verbatimCoordinateSystem - verbatimSRS - footprintWKT - footprintSRS - footprintSpatialFit - georeferencedBy - georeferencedDate - georeferenceProtocol - georeferenceSources - georeferenceRemarks -
+ locationID + higherGeographyID + higherGeography + continent + waterBody + islandGroup + island + country + countryCode + stateProvince + county + municipality + locality + verbatimLocality + minimumElevationInMeters + maximumElevationInMeters + verbatimElevation + verticalDatum + minimumDepthInMeters + maximumDepthInMeters + verbatimDepth + minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters + maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters + locationAccordingTo + locationRemarks + decimalLatitude + decimalLongitude + geodeticDatum + coordinateUncertaintyInMeters + coordinatePrecision + pointRadiusSpatialFit + verbatimCoordinates + verbatimLatitude + verbatimLongitude + verbatimCoordinateSystem + verbatimSRS + footprintWKT + footprintSRS + footprintSpatialFit + georeferencedBy + georeferencedDate + georeferenceProtocol + georeferenceSources + georeferenceRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Location Class
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/Location
DefinitionA spatial region or named place.
Comments
ExamplesThe municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. The place defined by a georeference.
+ + + + + + +
Location Class
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/Location
DefinitionA spatial region or named place.
Comments
ExamplesThe municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. The place defined by a georeference.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
locationID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of location information (data associated with dcterms:Location). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttps://opencontext.org/subjects/768A875F-E205-4D0B-DE55-BAB7598D0FD1
+ + + + + + +
locationID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of location information (data associated with dcterms:Location). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttps://opencontext.org/subjects/768A875F-E205-4D0B-DE55-BAB7598D0FD1
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
higherGeographyID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID
DefinitionAn identifier for the geographic region within which the Location occurred.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
Exampleshttp://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002002 (Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Argentina).
+ + + + + + +
higherGeographyID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID
DefinitionAn identifier for the geographic region within which the Location occurred.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
Exampleshttp://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002002 (Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Argentina).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
higherGeography Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ), with terms in order from least specific to most specific.
ExamplesNorth Atlantic Ocean. South America | Argentina | Patagonia | Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi | Neuquén | Los Lagos (with accompanying values South America in continent, Argentina in country, Neuquén in stateProvince, and Los Lagos in county.
+ + + + + + +
higherGeography
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ), with terms in order from least specific to most specific.
ExamplesNorth Atlantic Ocean. South America | Argentina | Patagonia | Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi | Neuquén | Los Lagos (with accompanying values South America in continent, Argentina in country, Neuquén in stateProvince, and Los Lagos in county.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
continent Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/continent
DefinitionThe name of the continent in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesAfrica, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America
+ + + + + + +
continent
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/continent
DefinitionThe name of the continent in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesAfrica, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
waterBody Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody
DefinitionThe name of the water body in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesIndian Ocean, Baltic Sea, Hudson River, Lago Nahuel Huapi
+ + + + + + +
waterBody
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody
DefinitionThe name of the water body in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesIndian Ocean, Baltic Sea, Hudson River, Lago Nahuel Huapi
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
islandGroup Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/islandGroup
DefinitionThe name of the island group in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesAlexander Archipelago, Archipiélago Diego Ramírez, Seychelles
+ + + + + + +
islandGroup
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/islandGroup
DefinitionThe name of the island group in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesAlexander Archipelago, Archipiélago Diego Ramírez, Seychelles
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
island Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/island
DefinitionThe name of the island on or near which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesNosy Be, Bikini Atoll, Vancouver, Viti Levu, Zanzibar
+ + + + + + +
island
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/island
DefinitionThe name of the island on or near which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesNosy Be, Bikini Atoll, Vancouver, Viti Levu, Zanzibar
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
country Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country
DefinitionThe name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term higherGeography or in the term locality, or both.
ExamplesDenmark, Colombia, España
+ + + + + + +
country
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country
DefinitionThe name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term higherGeography or in the term locality, or both.
ExamplesDenmark, Colombia, España
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
countryCode Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode
DefinitionThe standard code for the country in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country code.
ExamplesAR, SV
+ + + + + + +
countryCode
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode
DefinitionThe standard code for the country in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country code.
ExamplesAR, SV
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
stateProvince Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
DefinitionThe name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesMontana, Minas Gerais, Córdoba
+ + + + + + +
stateProvince
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
DefinitionThe name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesMontana, Minas Gerais, Córdoba
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
county Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county
DefinitionThe full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesMissoula, Los Lagos, Mataró
+ + + + + + +
county
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county
DefinitionThe full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesMissoula, Los Lagos, Mataró
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
municipality Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/municipality
DefinitionThe full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesHolzminden, Araçatuba, Ga-Segonyana
+ + + + + + +
municipality
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/municipality
DefinitionThe full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
ExamplesHolzminden, Araçatuba, Ga-Segonyana
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
locality Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality
DefinitionThe specific description of the place.
CommentsLess specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (higherGeography, continent, country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.
ExamplesBariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40 (=Ruta 237), Queets Rainforest, Olympic National Park
+ + + + + + +
locality
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality
DefinitionThe specific description of the place.
CommentsLess specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (higherGeography, continent, country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.
ExamplesBariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40 (=Ruta 237), Queets Rainforest, Olympic National Park
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimLocality Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality
DefinitionThe original textual description of the place.
Comments
Examples25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237
+ + + + + + +
verbatimLocality
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality
DefinitionThe original textual description of the place.
Comments
Examples25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
minimumElevationInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumElevationInMeters
DefinitionThe lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
Comments
Examples-100, 802
+ + + + + + +
minimumElevationInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumElevationInMeters
DefinitionThe lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
Comments
Examples-100, 802
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
maximumElevationInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumElevationInMeters
DefinitionThe upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
Comments
Examples-205, 1236
+ + + + + + +
maximumElevationInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumElevationInMeters
DefinitionThe upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.
Comments
Examples-205, 1236
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimElevation Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimElevation
DefinitionThe original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location.
Comments
Examples100-200 m
+ + + + + + +
verbatimElevation
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimElevation
DefinitionThe original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location.
Comments
Examples100-200 m
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verticalDatum Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verticalDatum
DefinitionThe vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplesEGM84, EGM96, EGM2008, PGM2000A, PGM2004, PGM2006, PGM2007, epsg:7030, unknown
+ + + + + + +
verticalDatum
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verticalDatum
DefinitionThe vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplesEGM84, EGM96, EGM2008, PGM2000A, PGM2004, PGM2006, PGM2007, epsg:7030, unknown
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
minimumDepthInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters
DefinitionThe lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
Comments
Examples0, 100
+ + + + + + +
minimumDepthInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters
DefinitionThe lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
Comments
Examples0, 100
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
maximumDepthInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters
DefinitionThe greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
Comments
Examples0, 200
+ + + + + + +
maximumDepthInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters
DefinitionThe greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.
Comments
Examples0, 200
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimDepth Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth
DefinitionThe original description of the depth below the local surface.
Comments
Examples100-200 m
+ + + + + + +
verbatimDepth
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth
DefinitionThe original description of the depth below the local surface.
Comments
Examples100-200 m
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
DefinitionThe lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
Comments
Examples-1.5 (below the surface). 4.2 (above the surface). For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: 300m minimumElevationInMeters: 300, maximumElevationInMeters: 300, verbatimDepth: 20m, minimumDepthInMeters: 20, maximumDepthInMeters: 20, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: 0, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: -1.5.
+ + + + + + +
minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
DefinitionThe lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
Comments
Examples-1.5 (below the surface). 4.2 (above the surface). For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: 300m minimumElevationInMeters: 300, maximumElevationInMeters: 300, verbatimDepth: 20m, minimumDepthInMeters: 20, maximumDepthInMeters: 20, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: 0, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: -1.5.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
DefinitionThe greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
Comments
Examples-1.5 (below the surface). 4.2 (above the surface). For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: 300m minimumElevationInMeters: 300, maximumElevationInMeters: 300, verbatimDepth: 20m, minimumDepthInMeters: 20, maximumDepthInMeters: 20, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: 0, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: -1.5.
+ + + + + + +
maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
DefinitionThe greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
Comments
Examples-1.5 (below the surface). 4.2 (above the surface). For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: 300m minimumElevationInMeters: 300, maximumElevationInMeters: 300, verbatimDepth: 20m, minimumDepthInMeters: 20, maximumDepthInMeters: 20, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: 0, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: -1.5.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
locationAccordingTo Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationAccordingTo
DefinitionInformation about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
Comments
ExamplesGetty Thesaurus of Geographic Names, GADM
+ + + + + + +
locationAccordingTo
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationAccordingTo
DefinitionInformation about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
Comments
ExamplesGetty Thesaurus of Geographic Names, GADM
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
locationRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Location.
Comments
Examplesunder water since 2005
+ + + + + + +
locationRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Location.
Comments
Examplesunder water since 2005
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
decimalLatitude Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude
DefinitionThe geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.
Comments
Examples-41.0983423
+ + + + + + +
decimalLatitude
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude
DefinitionThe geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.
Comments
Examples-41.0983423
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
decimalLongitude Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude
DefinitionThe geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.
Comments
Examples-121.1761111
+ + + + + + +
decimalLongitude
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude
DefinitionThe geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.
Comments
Examples-121.1761111
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
geodeticDatum Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
ExamplesEPSG:4326, WGS84, NAD27, Campo Inchauspe, European 1950, Clarke 1866, unknown
+ + + + + + +
geodeticDatum
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
ExamplesEPSG:4326, WGS84, NAD27, Campo Inchauspe, European 1950, Clarke 1866, unknown
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
coordinateUncertaintyInMeters Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
DefinitionThe horizontal distance (in meters) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term.
Comments
Examples30 (reasonable lower limit on or after 2020-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time). 100 (reasonable lower limit before 2020-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time). 71 (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and a known spatial reference system).
+ + + + + + +
coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
DefinitionThe horizontal distance (in meters) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term.
Comments
Examples30 (reasonable lower limit on or after 2020-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time). 100 (reasonable lower limit before 2020-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time). 71 (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and a known spatial reference system).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
coordinatePrecision Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision
DefinitionA decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude.
Comments
Examples0.00001 (normal GPS limit for decimal degrees). 0.000278 (nearest second). 0.01667 (nearest minute). 1.0 (nearest degree).
+ + + + + + +
coordinatePrecision
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision
DefinitionA decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude.
Comments
Examples0.00001 (normal GPS limit for decimal degrees). 0.000278 (nearest second). 0.01667 (nearest minute). 1.0 (nearest degree).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
pointRadiusSpatialFit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pointRadiusSpatialFit
DefinitionThe ratio of the area of the point-radius (decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1.
CommentsDetailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
Examples0, 1, 1.5708
+ + + + + + +
pointRadiusSpatialFit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pointRadiusSpatialFit
DefinitionThe ratio of the area of the point-radius (decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1.
CommentsDetailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
Examples0, 1, 1.5708
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimCoordinates Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates
DefinitionThe verbatim original spatial coordinates of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples41 05 54S 121 05 34W, 17T 630000 4833400
+ + + + + + +
verbatimCoordinates
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates
DefinitionThe verbatim original spatial coordinates of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples41 05 54S 121 05 34W, 17T 630000 4833400
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimLatitude Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLatitude
DefinitionThe verbatim original latitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples41 05 54.03S
+ + + + + + +
verbatimLatitude
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLatitude
DefinitionThe verbatim original latitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples41 05 54.03S
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimLongitude Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLongitude
DefinitionThe verbatim original longitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples121d 10' 34" W
+ + + + + + +
verbatimLongitude
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLongitude
DefinitionThe verbatim original longitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.
Comments
Examples121d 10' 34" W
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimCoordinateSystem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinateSystem
DefinitionThe coordinate format for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesdecimal degrees, degrees decimal minutes, degrees minutes seconds, UTM
+ + + + + + +
verbatimCoordinateSystem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinateSystem
DefinitionThe coordinate format for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesdecimal degrees, degrees decimal minutes, degrees minutes seconds, UTM
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimSRS Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
Examplesunknown, EPSG:4326, WGS84, NAD27, Campo Inchauspe, European 1950, Clarke 1866
+ + + + + + +
verbatimSRS
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
Examplesunknown, EPSG:4326, WGS84, NAD27, Campo Inchauspe, European 1950, Clarke 1866
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
footprintWKT Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT
DefinitionA Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
Comments
ExamplesPOLYGON ((10 20, 11 20, 11 21, 10 21, 10 20)) (the one-degree bounding box with opposite corners at longitude=10, latitude=20 and longitude=11, latitude=21)
+ + + + + + +
footprintWKT
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT
DefinitionA Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
Comments
ExamplesPOLYGON ((10 20, 11 20, 11 21, 10 21, 10 20)) (the one-degree bounding box with opposite corners at longitude=10, latitude=20 and longitude=11, latitude=21)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
footprintSRS Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in footprintWKT is based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown. It is also permitted to provide the SRS in Well-Known-Text, especially if no EPSG code provides the necessary values for the attributes of the SRS. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude, nor of any verbatim coordinates - use the geodeticDatum and verbatimSRS instead.
Examplesepsg:4326, GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["D_WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]] (WKT for the standard WGS84 Spatial Reference System EPSG:4326)
+ + + + + + +
footprintSRS
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in footprintWKT is based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown. It is also permitted to provide the SRS in Well-Known-Text, especially if no EPSG code provides the necessary values for the attributes of the SRS. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude, nor of any verbatim coordinates - use the geodeticDatum and verbatimSRS instead.
Examplesepsg:4326, GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["D_WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]] (WKT for the standard WGS84 Spatial Reference System EPSG:4326)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
footprintSpatialFit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSpatialFit
DefinitionThe ratio of the area of the footprint (footprintWKT) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given footprint does not completely contain the original representation. The footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the footprintSpatialFit is 1.
CommentsDetailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
Examples0, 1, 1.5708
+ + + + + + +
footprintSpatialFit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSpatialFit
DefinitionThe ratio of the area of the footprint (footprintWKT) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given footprint does not completely contain the original representation. The footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the footprintSpatialFit is 1.
CommentsDetailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
Examples0, 1, 1.5708
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferencedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesBrad Millen (ROM), Kristina Yamamoto | Janet Fang
+ + + + + + +
georeferencedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesBrad Millen (ROM), Kristina Yamamoto | Janet Fang
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferencedDate Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedDate
DefinitionThe date on which the Location was georeferenced.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
georeferencedDate
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedDate
DefinitionThe date on which the Location was georeferenced.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferenceProtocol Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceProtocol
DefinitionA description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
Comments
ExamplesGeoreferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.35035/e09p-h128)
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceProtocol
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceProtocol
DefinitionA description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
Comments
ExamplesGeoreferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.35035/e09p-h128)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferenceSources Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference the Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Exampleshttps://www.geonames.org/, USGS 1:24000 Florence Montana Quad 1967 | Terrametrics 2008 on Google Earth, GeoLocate
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceSources
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference the Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Exampleshttps://www.geonames.org/, USGS 1:24000 Florence Montana Quad 1967 | Terrametrics 2008 on Google Earth, GeoLocate
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
georeferenceRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceRemarks
DefinitionNotes or comments about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in georeferenceProtocol.
Comments
ExamplesAssumed distance by road (Hwy. 101).
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceRemarks
DefinitionNotes or comments about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in georeferenceProtocol.
Comments
ExamplesAssumed distance by road (Hwy. 101).
## GeologicalContext
- geologicalContextID - earliestEonOrLowestEonothem - latestEonOrHighestEonothem - earliestEraOrLowestErathem - latestEraOrHighestErathem - earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem - latestPeriodOrHighestSystem - earliestEpochOrLowestSeries - latestEpochOrHighestSeries - earliestAgeOrLowestStage - latestAgeOrHighestStage - lowestBiostratigraphicZone - highestBiostratigraphicZone - lithostratigraphicTerms - group - formation - member - bed -
+ geologicalContextID + earliestEonOrLowestEonothem + latestEonOrHighestEonothem + earliestEraOrLowestErathem + latestEraOrHighestErathem + earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem + latestPeriodOrHighestSystem + earliestEpochOrLowestSeries + latestEpochOrHighestSeries + earliestAgeOrLowestStage + latestAgeOrHighestStage + lowestBiostratigraphicZone + highestBiostratigraphicZone + lithostratigraphicTerms + group + formation + member + bed + - - - - - - - - +
GeologicalContext Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/GeologicalContext
DefinitionGeological information, such as stratigraphy, that qualifies a region or place.
Comments
ExamplesA lithostratigraphic layer.
+ + + + + + +
GeologicalContext Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/GeologicalContext
DefinitionGeological information, such as stratigraphy, that qualifies a region or place.
Comments
ExamplesA lithostratigraphic layer.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
geologicalContextID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geologicalContextID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of information associated with a GeologicalContext (the location within a geological context, such as stratigraphy). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttps://opencontext.org/subjects/e54377f7-4452-4315-b676-40679b10c4d9
+ + + + + + +
geologicalContextID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geologicalContextID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of information associated with a GeologicalContext (the location within a geological context, such as stratigraphy). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Exampleshttps://opencontext.org/subjects/e54377f7-4452-4315-b676-40679b10c4d9
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
earliestEonOrLowestEonothem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic eon or lowest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPhanerozoic, Proterozoic
+ + + + + + +
earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic eon or lowest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPhanerozoic, Proterozoic
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
latestEonOrHighestEonothem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEonOrHighestEonothem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic eon or highest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPhanerozoic, Proterozoic
+ + + + + + +
latestEonOrHighestEonothem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEonOrHighestEonothem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic eon or highest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPhanerozoic, Proterozoic
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
earliestEraOrLowestErathem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEraOrLowestErathem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic era or lowest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesCenozoic, Mesozoic
+ + + + + + +
earliestEraOrLowestErathem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEraOrLowestErathem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic era or lowest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesCenozoic, Mesozoic
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
latestEraOrHighestErathem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEraOrHighestErathem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic era or highest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesCenozoic, Mesozoic
+ + + + + + +
latestEraOrHighestErathem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEraOrHighestErathem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic era or highest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesCenozoic, Mesozoic
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic period or lowest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNeogene, Tertiary, Quaternary
+ + + + + + +
earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic period or lowest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNeogene, Tertiary, Quaternary
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
latestPeriodOrHighestSystem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic period or highest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNeogene, Tertiary, Quaternary
+ + + + + + +
latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic period or highest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNeogene, Tertiary, Quaternary
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
earliestEpochOrLowestSeries Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic epoch or lowest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHolocene, Pleistocene, Ibexian Series
+ + + + + + +
earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic epoch or lowest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHolocene, Pleistocene, Ibexian Series
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
latestEpochOrHighestSeries Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEpochOrHighestSeries
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic epoch or highest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHolocene, Pleistocene, Ibexian Series
+ + + + + + +
latestEpochOrHighestSeries
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEpochOrHighestSeries
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic epoch or highest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHolocene, Pleistocene, Ibexian Series
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
earliestAgeOrLowestStage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestAgeOrLowestStage
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic age or lowest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesAtlantic, Boreal, Skullrockian
+ + + + + + +
earliestAgeOrLowestStage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestAgeOrLowestStage
DefinitionThe full name of the earliest possible geochronologic age or lowest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesAtlantic, Boreal, Skullrockian
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
latestAgeOrHighestStage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestAgeOrHighestStage
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic age or highest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesAtlantic, Boreal, Skullrockian
+ + + + + + +
latestAgeOrHighestStage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestAgeOrHighestStage
DefinitionThe full name of the latest possible geochronologic age or highest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesAtlantic, Boreal, Skullrockian
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
lowestBiostratigraphicZone Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lowestBiostratigraphicZone
DefinitionThe full name of the lowest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesMaastrichtian
+ + + + + + +
lowestBiostratigraphicZone
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lowestBiostratigraphicZone
DefinitionThe full name of the lowest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesMaastrichtian
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
highestBiostratigraphicZone Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/highestBiostratigraphicZone
DefinitionThe full name of the highest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesBlancan
+ + + + + + +
highestBiostratigraphicZone
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/highestBiostratigraphicZone
DefinitionThe full name of the highest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesBlancan
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
lithostratigraphicTerms Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lithostratigraphicTerms
DefinitionThe combination of all litho-stratigraphic names for the rock from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPleistocene-Weichselien
+ + + + + + +
lithostratigraphicTerms
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lithostratigraphicTerms
DefinitionThe combination of all litho-stratigraphic names for the rock from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesPleistocene-Weichselien
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
group Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/group
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic group from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesBathurst, Lower Wealden
+ + + + + + +
group
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/group
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic group from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesBathurst, Lower Wealden
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
formation Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/formation
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic formation from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNotch Peak Formation, House Limestone, Fillmore Formation
+ + + + + + +
formation
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/formation
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic formation from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesNotch Peak Formation, House Limestone, Fillmore Formation
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
member Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/member
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic member from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesLava Dam Member, Hellnmaria Member
+ + + + + + +
member
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/member
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic member from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesLava Dam Member, Hellnmaria Member
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
bed Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/bed
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic bed from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHarlem coal
+ + + + + + +
bed
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/bed
DefinitionThe full name of the lithostratigraphic bed from which the cataloged item was collected.
Comments
ExamplesHarlem coal
## Identification
- identificationID - verbatimIdentification - identificationQualifier - typeStatus - identifiedBy - identifiedByID - dateIdentified - identificationReferences - identificationVerificationStatus - identificationRemarks -
+ identificationID + verbatimIdentification + identificationQualifier + typeStatus + identifiedBy + identifiedByID + dateIdentified + identificationReferences + identificationVerificationStatus + identificationRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Identification Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Identification
DefinitionA taxonomic determination (e.g., the assignment to a taxon).
Comments
ExamplesA subspecies determination of an organism.
+ + + + + + +
Identification Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Identification
DefinitionA taxonomic determination (e.g., the assignment to a taxon).
Comments
ExamplesA subspecies determination of an organism.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identificationID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Identification (the body of information associated with the assignment of a scientific name). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples9992
+ + + + + + +
identificationID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationID
DefinitionAn identifier for the Identification (the body of information associated with the assignment of a scientific name). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples9992
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimIdentification Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification
DefinitionA string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record.
CommentsThis term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original identification/determination, including identification qualifiers, hybrid formulas, uncertainties, etc. This term is meant to be used in addition to scientificName (and identificationQualifier etc.), not instead of it.
ExamplesPeromyscus sp., Ministrymon sp. nov. 1, Anser anser X Branta canadensis, Pachyporidae?
+ + + + + + +
verbatimIdentification
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification
DefinitionA string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record.
CommentsThis term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original identification/determination, including identification qualifiers, hybrid formulas, uncertainties, etc. This term is meant to be used in addition to scientificName (and identificationQualifier etc.), not instead of it.
ExamplesPeromyscus sp., Ministrymon sp. nov. 1, Anser anser X Branta canadensis, Pachyporidae?
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identificationQualifier Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
DefinitionA brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
Comments
Examplesaff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia (for Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia with accompanying values Quercus in genus, agrifolia in specificEpithet, oxyadenia in infraspecificEpithet, and var. in taxonRank. cf. var. oxyadenia for Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia with accompanying values Quercus in genus, agrifolia in specificEpithet, oxyadenia in infraspecificEpithet, and var. in taxonRank.
+ + + + + + +
identificationQualifier
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
DefinitionA brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
Comments
Examplesaff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia (for Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia with accompanying values Quercus in genus, agrifolia in specificEpithet, oxyadenia in infraspecificEpithet, and var. in taxonRank. cf. var. oxyadenia for Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia with accompanying values Quercus in genus, agrifolia in specificEpithet, oxyadenia in infraspecificEpithet, and var. in taxonRank.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
typeStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeStatus
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examplesholotype of Ctenomys sociabilis. Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388, holotype of Pinus abies | holotype of Picea abies
+ + + + + + +
typeStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeStatus
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Examplesholotype of Ctenomys sociabilis. Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388, holotype of Pinus abies | holotype of Picea abies
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identifiedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesJames L. Patton, Theodore Pappenfuss | Robert Macey
+ + + + + + +
identifiedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesJames L. Patton, Theodore Pappenfuss | Robert Macey
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identifiedByID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedByID
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for assigning the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, the order of the identifiers on the list should not be assumed to convey any semantics. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Exampleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 (for an individual), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098 (for a list of people).
+ + + + + + +
identifiedByID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedByID
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of the globally unique identifier for the person, people, groups, or organizations responsible for assigning the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying agent. If a list is used, the order of the identifiers on the list should not be assumed to convey any semantics. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
Exampleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 (for an individual), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098 (for a list of people).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
dateIdentified Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified
DefinitionThe date on which the subject was determined as representing the Taxon.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
dateIdentified
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified
DefinitionThe date on which the subject was determined as representing the Taxon.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identificationReferences Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationReferences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of references (publication, global unique identifier, URI) used in the Identification.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesAves del Noroeste Patagonico. Christie et al. 2004., Stebbins, R. Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. 2003. | Irschick, D.J. and Shaffer, H.B. (1997). The polytypic species revisited: Morphological differentiation among tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata). Herpetologica, 53(1), 30-49.
+ + + + + + +
identificationReferences
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationReferences
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of references (publication, global unique identifier, URI) used in the Identification.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesAves del Noroeste Patagonico. Christie et al. 2004., Stebbins, R. Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. 2003. | Irschick, D.J. and Shaffer, H.B. (1997). The polytypic species revisited: Morphological differentiation among tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata). Herpetologica, 53(1), 30-49.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identificationVerificationStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD.
Examples0 ("unverified" in HISPID/ABCD).
+ + + + + + +
identificationVerificationStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD.
Examples0 ("unverified" in HISPID/ABCD).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
identificationRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Identification.
Comments
ExamplesDistinguished between Anthus correndera and Anthus hellmayri based on the comparative lengths of the uñas.
+ + + + + + +
identificationRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the Identification.
Comments
ExamplesDistinguished between Anthus correndera and Anthus hellmayri based on the comparative lengths of the uñas.
## Taxon
- taxonID - scientificNameID - acceptedNameUsageID - parentNameUsageID - originalNameUsageID - nameAccordingToID - namePublishedInID - taxonConceptID - scientificName - acceptedNameUsage - parentNameUsage - originalNameUsage - nameAccordingTo - namePublishedIn - namePublishedInYear - higherClassification - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - subfamily - genus - genericName - subgenus - infragenericEpithet - specificEpithet - infraspecificEpithet - cultivarEpithet - taxonRank - verbatimTaxonRank - scientificNameAuthorship - vernacularName - nomenclaturalCode - taxonomicStatus - nomenclaturalStatus - taxonRemarks -
+ taxonID + scientificNameID + acceptedNameUsageID + parentNameUsageID + originalNameUsageID + nameAccordingToID + namePublishedInID + taxonConceptID + scientificName + acceptedNameUsage + parentNameUsage + originalNameUsage + nameAccordingTo + namePublishedIn + namePublishedInYear + higherClassification + kingdom + phylum + class + order + family + subfamily + genus + genericName + subgenus + infragenericEpithet + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet + cultivarEpithet + taxonRank + verbatimTaxonRank + scientificNameAuthorship + vernacularName + nomenclaturalCode + taxonomicStatus + nomenclaturalStatus + taxonRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
Taxon Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon
DefinitionA group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.
Comments
ExamplesThe genus Truncorotaloides as published by Brönnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820.
+ + + + + + +
Taxon Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon
DefinitionA group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.
Comments
ExamplesThe genus Truncorotaloides as published by Brönnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820.
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taxonID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of taxon information (data associated with the Taxon class). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001, 32567, https://www.gbif.org/species/212
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taxonID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID
DefinitionAn identifier for the set of taxon information (data associated with the Taxon class). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001, 32567, https://www.gbif.org/species/212
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scientificNameID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID
DefinitionAn identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.
Comments
Examplesurn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37829-1:1.3
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scientificNameID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID
DefinitionAn identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.
Comments
Examplesurn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37829-1:1.3
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acceptedNameUsageID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
CommentsThis term should be used for synonyms or misapplied names to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the accepted (botanical) or valid (zoological) name. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41107 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI), 2704179 (GBIF), 6W3C4 (COL)
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acceptedNameUsageID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
CommentsThis term should be used for synonyms or misapplied names to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the accepted (botanical) or valid (zoological) name. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41107 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI), 2704179 (GBIF), 6W3C4 (COL)
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parentNameUsageID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.
CommentsThis term should be used for accepted names to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the next higher taxon rank in the same taxonomic classification. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41074 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001404-2 (IPNI), 2704173 (GBIF), 6T8N (COL)
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parentNameUsageID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.
CommentsThis term should be used for accepted names to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the next higher taxon rank in the same taxonomic classification. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41074 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001404-2 (IPNI), 2704173 (GBIF), 6T8N (COL)
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originalNameUsageID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) in which the terminal element of the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
CommentsThis term should be used to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the usage of the terminal element of the scientificName as originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would establish the relationship between a record representing a subsequent combination and the record for its corresponding basionym. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41107 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI), 2704179 (GBIF), 6W3C4 (COL)
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originalNameUsageID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsageID
DefinitionAn identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) in which the terminal element of the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
CommentsThis term should be used to refer to the taxonID of a Taxon record that represents the usage of the terminal element of the scientificName as originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would establish the relationship between a record representing a subsequent combination and the record for its corresponding basionym. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
Examplestsn:41107 (ITIS), urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI), 2704179 (GBIF), 6W3C4 (COL)
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nameAccordingToID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingToID
DefinitionAn identifier for the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied. See nameAccordingTo.
Comments
Exampleshttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(97)80026-2
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nameAccordingToID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingToID
DefinitionAn identifier for the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied. See nameAccordingTo.
Comments
Exampleshttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(97)80026-2
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namePublishedInID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInID
DefinitionAn identifier for the publication in which the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
Examples
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namePublishedInID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInID
DefinitionAn identifier for the publication in which the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
Examples
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taxonConceptID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonConceptID
DefinitionAn identifier for the taxonomic concept to which the record refers - not for the nomenclatural details of a taxon.
Comments
Examples8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001
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taxonConceptID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonConceptID
DefinitionAn identifier for the taxonomic concept to which the record refers - not for the nomenclatural details of a taxon.
Comments
Examples8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001
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scientificName Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
DefinitionThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.
CommentsThis term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used to represent the scientific name that was applied to the associated Organism in accordance with the Taxon to which it was or is currently identified.
ExamplesColeoptera (order). Vespertilionidae (family). Manis (genus). Ctenomys sociabilis (genus + specificEpithet). Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli (genus + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet). Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952) (genus + specificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship), Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell (genus + specificEpithet + taxonRank + infraspecificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship).
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scientificName
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
DefinitionThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.
CommentsThis term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used to represent the scientific name that was applied to the associated Organism in accordance with the Taxon to which it was or is currently identified.
ExamplesColeoptera (order). Vespertilionidae (family). Manis (genus). Ctenomys sociabilis (genus + specificEpithet). Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli (genus + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet). Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952) (genus + specificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship), Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell (genus + specificEpithet + taxonRank + infraspecificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship).
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acceptedNameUsage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage
DefinitionThe full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
CommentsThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the accepted (botanical) or valid (zoological) name in cases where the provided scientificName is considered by the reference indicated in the accordingTo property, or of the content provider, to be a synonym or misapplied name. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used in cases where a content provider regards the provided scientificName to be inconsistent with the taxonomic perspective of the content provider. For example, there are many discrepancies within specimen collections and observation datasets between the recorded name (e.g., the most recent identification from an expert who examined a specimen, or a field identification for an observed organism), and the name asserted by the content provider to be taxonomically accepted.
ExamplesTamias minimus (valid name for Eutamias minimus).
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acceptedNameUsage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage
DefinitionThe full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
CommentsThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the accepted (botanical) or valid (zoological) name in cases where the provided scientificName is considered by the reference indicated in the accordingTo property, or of the content provider, to be a synonym or misapplied name. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used in cases where a content provider regards the provided scientificName to be inconsistent with the taxonomic perspective of the content provider. For example, there are many discrepancies within specimen collections and observation datasets between the recorded name (e.g., the most recent identification from an expert who examined a specimen, or a field identification for an observed organism), and the name asserted by the content provider to be taxonomically accepted.
ExamplesTamias minimus (valid name for Eutamias minimus).
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parentNameUsage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsage
DefinitionThe full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.
Comments
ExamplesRubiaceae, Gruiformes, Testudinae
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parentNameUsage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsage
DefinitionThe full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.
Comments
ExamplesRubiaceae, Gruiformes, Testudinae
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originalNameUsage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsage
DefinitionThe taxon name, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared when first established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. The basionym (botany) or basonym (bacteriology) of the scientificName or the senior/earlier homonym for replaced names.
CommentsThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the name usage in which the terminal element of the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would indicate the basionym of a record representing a subsequent combination. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks.
ExamplesPinus abies, Gasterosteus saltatrix Linnaeus 1768
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originalNameUsage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsage
DefinitionThe taxon name, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared when first established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. The basionym (botany) or basonym (bacteriology) of the scientificName or the senior/earlier homonym for replaced names.
CommentsThe full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the name usage in which the terminal element of the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would indicate the basionym of a record representing a subsequent combination. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks.
ExamplesPinus abies, Gasterosteus saltatrix Linnaeus 1768
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nameAccordingTo Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
DefinitionThe reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
CommentsThis term provides context to the scientificName. Together with the scientificName, separated by ‘sensu’ or ‘sec.’, it forms the taxon concept label, which may be seen as having the same relationship to taxonConceptID as, for example, acceptedNameUsage has to acceptedNameUsageID. When not provided, in Taxon Core data sets the nameAccordingTo can be taken to be the data set. In this case the data set mostly provides sufficient context to infer the delimitation of the taxon and its relationship with other taxa. In Occurrence Core data sets, when not provided, nameAccordingTo can be an underlying taxonomy of the data set, e.g. Plants of the World Online (http://powo.science.kew.org/) for vascular plant records in iNaturalist (in which case it should be provided), or, which is the case for most PreservedSpecimen data sets, the Identification, in which case there is no further context.
ExamplesFranz NM, Cardona-Duque J (2013) Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013. Syst Biodivers. 11: 209–236. (as the full citation of the Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) in Perelleschus splendida sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013))
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nameAccordingTo
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
DefinitionThe reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
CommentsThis term provides context to the scientificName. Together with the scientificName, separated by ‘sensu’ or ‘sec.’, it forms the taxon concept label, which may be seen as having the same relationship to taxonConceptID as, for example, acceptedNameUsage has to acceptedNameUsageID. When not provided, in Taxon Core data sets the nameAccordingTo can be taken to be the data set. In this case the data set mostly provides sufficient context to infer the delimitation of the taxon and its relationship with other taxa. In Occurrence Core data sets, when not provided, nameAccordingTo can be an underlying taxonomy of the data set, e.g. Plants of the World Online (http://powo.science.kew.org/) for vascular plant records in iNaturalist (in which case it should be provided), or, which is the case for most PreservedSpecimen data sets, the Identification, in which case there is no further context.
ExamplesFranz NM, Cardona-Duque J (2013) Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013. Syst Biodivers. 11: 209–236. (as the full citation of the Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) in Perelleschus splendida sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013))
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namePublishedIn Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedIn
DefinitionA reference for the publication in which the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
ExamplesPearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388, Forel, Auguste, Diagnosies provisoires de quelques espèces nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, récoltées par M. Grandidier., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 30, 1886
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namePublishedIn
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedIn
DefinitionA reference for the publication in which the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
ExamplesPearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388, Forel, Auguste, Diagnosies provisoires de quelques espèces nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, récoltées par M. Grandidier., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 30, 1886
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namePublishedInYear Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInYear
DefinitionThe four-digit year in which the scientificName was published.
Comments
Examples1915, 2008
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namePublishedInYear
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInYear
DefinitionThe four-digit year in which the scientificName was published.
Comments
Examples1915, 2008
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higherClassification Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherClassification
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the taxon referenced in the taxon record.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ), with terms in order from the highest taxonomic rank to the lowest.
ExamplesPlantae | Tracheophyta | Magnoliopsida | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculus, Animalia, Animalia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Hystricognatha | Hystricognathi | Ctenomyidae | Ctenomyini | Ctenomys
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higherClassification
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherClassification
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the taxon referenced in the taxon record.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ), with terms in order from the highest taxonomic rank to the lowest.
ExamplesPlantae | Tracheophyta | Magnoliopsida | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculus, Animalia, Animalia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Hystricognatha | Hystricognathi | Ctenomyidae | Ctenomyini | Ctenomys
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kingdom Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesAnimalia, Archaea, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, Viruses
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kingdom
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesAnimalia, Archaea, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, Viruses
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phylum Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesChordata (phylum). Bryophyta (division).
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phylum
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesChordata (phylum). Bryophyta (division).
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class Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesMammalia, Hepaticopsida
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class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesMammalia, Hepaticopsida
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order Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesCarnivora, Monocleales
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order
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesCarnivora, Monocleales
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family Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesFelidae, Monocleaceae
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family
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesFelidae, Monocleaceae
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subfamily Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subfamily
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the subfamily in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesPeriptyctinae, Orchidoideae, Sphindociinae
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subfamily
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subfamily
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the subfamily in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesPeriptyctinae, Orchidoideae, Sphindociinae
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genus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesPuma, Monoclea
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genus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.
Comments
ExamplesPuma, Monoclea
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genericName Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genericName
DefinitionThe genus part of the scientificName without authorship.
CommentsFor synonyms the accepted genus and the genus part of the name may be different. The term genericName should be used together with specificEpithet to form a binomial and with infraspecificEpithet to form a trinomial. The term genericName should only be used for combinations. Uninomials of generic rank do not have a genericName.
ExamplesFelis (for scientificName "Felis concolor", with accompanying values of "Puma concolor" in acceptedNameUsage and "Puma" in genus).
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genericName
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genericName
DefinitionThe genus part of the scientificName without authorship.
CommentsFor synonyms the accepted genus and the genus part of the name may be different. The term genericName should be used together with specificEpithet to form a binomial and with infraspecificEpithet to form a trinomial. The term genericName should only be used for combinations. Uninomials of generic rank do not have a genericName.
ExamplesFelis (for scientificName "Felis concolor", with accompanying values of "Puma concolor" in acceptedNameUsage and "Puma" in genus).
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subgenus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values should include the genus to avoid homonym confusion.
Comments
ExamplesStrobus, Amerigo, Pilosella
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subgenus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus
DefinitionThe full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values should include the genus to avoid homonym confusion.
Comments
ExamplesStrobus, Amerigo, Pilosella
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infragenericEpithet Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infragenericEpithet
DefinitionThe infrageneric part of a binomial name at ranks above species but below genus.
CommentsThe term infragenericEpithet should be used in conjunction with genericName, specificEpithet, infraspecificEpithet, taxonRank and scientificNameAuthorship to represent the individual elements of the complete scientificName. It can be used to indicate the subgenus placement of a species, which in zoology is often given in parentheses. Can also be used to share infrageneric names such as botanical sections (e.g., Vicia sect. Cracca).
ExamplesAbacetillus (for scientificName "Abacetus (Abacetillus) ambiguus", Cracca (for scientificName "Vicia sect. Cracca")
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infragenericEpithet
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infragenericEpithet
DefinitionThe infrageneric part of a binomial name at ranks above species but below genus.
CommentsThe term infragenericEpithet should be used in conjunction with genericName, specificEpithet, infraspecificEpithet, taxonRank and scientificNameAuthorship to represent the individual elements of the complete scientificName. It can be used to indicate the subgenus placement of a species, which in zoology is often given in parentheses. Can also be used to share infrageneric names such as botanical sections (e.g., Vicia sect. Cracca).
ExamplesAbacetillus (for scientificName "Abacetus (Abacetillus) ambiguus", Cracca (for scientificName "Vicia sect. Cracca")
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specificEpithet Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet
DefinitionThe name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.
Comments
Examplesconcolor, gottschei
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specificEpithet
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet
DefinitionThe name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.
Comments
Examplesconcolor, gottschei
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infraspecificEpithet Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet
DefinitionThe name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation.
CommentsIn botany, where there can be more than one infraspecific rank, name strings may be provided, in literature and in identifications, that have more than two epithets. Only the last of these epithets is the infraspecificEpithet and only the first and the last epithets belong to the scientificName. For example: the infraspecificEpithet in the string "Indigofera charlieriana subsp. sessilis var. scaberrima" is scaberrima and the scientificName is Indigophera charlieriana var. scaberrima.
Examplesconcolor (for scientificName "Puma concolor concolor"), oxyadenia (for scientificName "Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia"), laxa (for scientificName "Cheilanthes hirta f. laxa"), scaberrima (for scientificName "Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima").
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infraspecificEpithet
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet
DefinitionThe name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation.
CommentsIn botany, where there can be more than one infraspecific rank, name strings may be provided, in literature and in identifications, that have more than two epithets. Only the last of these epithets is the infraspecificEpithet and only the first and the last epithets belong to the scientificName. For example: the infraspecificEpithet in the string "Indigofera charlieriana subsp. sessilis var. scaberrima" is scaberrima and the scientificName is Indigophera charlieriana var. scaberrima.
Examplesconcolor (for scientificName "Puma concolor concolor"), oxyadenia (for scientificName "Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia"), laxa (for scientificName "Cheilanthes hirta f. laxa"), scaberrima (for scientificName "Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima").
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
cultivarEpithet Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/cultivarEpithet
DefinitionPart of the name of a cultivar, cultivar group or grex that follows the scientific name.
CommentsAccording to the Rules of the Cultivated Plant Code, a cultivar name consists of a botanical name followed by a cultivar epithet. The value given as the cultivarEpithet should exclude any quotes. The term taxonRank should be used to indicate which type of cultivated plant name (e.g. cultivar, cultivar group, grex) is concerned. This epithet, including any enclosing apostrophes or suffix, should be provided in scientificName as well.
ExamplesKing Edward (for scientificName "Solanum tuberosum 'King Edward'" and taxonRank "cultivar"); Mishmiense (for scientificName "Rhododendron boothii Mishmiense Group" and taxonRank "cultivar group"); Atlantis (for scientificName "Paphiopedilum Atlantis grex" and taxonRank "grex").
+ + + + + + +
cultivarEpithet
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/cultivarEpithet
DefinitionPart of the name of a cultivar, cultivar group or grex that follows the scientific name.
CommentsAccording to the Rules of the Cultivated Plant Code, a cultivar name consists of a botanical name followed by a cultivar epithet. The value given as the cultivarEpithet should exclude any quotes. The term taxonRank should be used to indicate which type of cultivated plant name (e.g. cultivar, cultivar group, grex) is concerned. This epithet, including any enclosing apostrophes or suffix, should be provided in scientificName as well.
ExamplesKing Edward (for scientificName "Solanum tuberosum 'King Edward'" and taxonRank "cultivar"); Mishmiense (for scientificName "Rhododendron boothii Mishmiense Group" and taxonRank "cultivar group"); Atlantis (for scientificName "Paphiopedilum Atlantis grex" and taxonRank "grex").
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
taxonRank Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank
DefinitionThe taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplessubspecies, varietas, forma, species, genus
+ + + + + + +
taxonRank
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank
DefinitionThe taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplessubspecies, varietas, forma, species, genus
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
verbatimTaxonRank Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimTaxonRank
DefinitionThe taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName as it appears in the original record.
Comments
ExamplesAgamospecies, sub-lesus, prole, apomict, nothogrex, sp., subsp., var.
+ + + + + + +
verbatimTaxonRank
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimTaxonRank
DefinitionThe taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName as it appears in the original record.
Comments
ExamplesAgamospecies, sub-lesus, prole, apomict, nothogrex, sp., subsp., var.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
scientificNameAuthorship Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship
DefinitionThe authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
Examples(Torr.) J.T. Howell, (Martinovský) Tzvelev, (Györfi, 1952)
+ + + + + + +
scientificNameAuthorship
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship
DefinitionThe authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode.
Comments
Examples(Torr.) J.T. Howell, (Martinovský) Tzvelev, (Györfi, 1952)
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
vernacularName Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
DefinitionA common or vernacular name.
Comments
ExamplesAndean Condor, Condor Andino, American Eagle, Gänsegeier
+ + + + + + +
vernacularName
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
DefinitionA common or vernacular name.
Comments
ExamplesAndean Condor, Condor Andino, American Eagle, Gänsegeier
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
nomenclaturalCode Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalCode
DefinitionThe nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the scientificName is constructed.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplesICN, ICZN, BC, ICNCP, BioCode
+ + + + + + +
nomenclaturalCode
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalCode
DefinitionThe nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the scientificName is constructed.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplesICN, ICZN, BC, ICNCP, BioCode
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
taxonomicStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonomicStatus
DefinitionThe status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon. Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a taxon. Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion. It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesinvalid, misapplied, homotypic synonym, accepted
+ + + + + + +
taxonomicStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonomicStatus
DefinitionThe status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon. Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a taxon. Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion. It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplesinvalid, misapplied, homotypic synonym, accepted
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
nomenclaturalStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalStatus
DefinitionThe status related to the original publication of the name and its conformance to the relevant rules of nomenclature. It is based essentially on an algorithm according to the business rules of the code. It requires no taxonomic opinion.
Comments
Examplesnom. ambig., nom. illeg., nom. subnud.
+ + + + + + +
nomenclaturalStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalStatus
DefinitionThe status related to the original publication of the name and its conformance to the relevant rules of nomenclature. It is based essentially on an algorithm according to the business rules of the code. It requires no taxonomic opinion.
Comments
Examplesnom. ambig., nom. illeg., nom. subnud.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
taxonRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the taxon or name.
Comments
Examplesthis name is a misspelling in common use
+ + + + + + +
taxonRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the taxon or name.
Comments
Examplesthis name is a misspelling in common use
## MeasurementOrFact
- measurementID - measurementType - measurementValue - measurementAccuracy - measurementUnit - measurementDeterminedBy - measurementDeterminedDate - measurementMethod - measurementRemarks -
+ measurementID + measurementType + measurementValue + measurementAccuracy + measurementUnit + measurementDeterminedBy + measurementDeterminedDate + measurementMethod + measurementRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
MeasurementOrFact Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MeasurementOrFact
DefinitionA measurement of or fact about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
CommentsResources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialSample, dwc:Event, dwc:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
ExamplesThe weight of an organism in grams. The number of placental scars. Surface water temperature in Celsius.
+ + + + + + +
MeasurementOrFact Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MeasurementOrFact
DefinitionA measurement of or fact about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
CommentsResources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialSample, dwc:Event, dwc:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
ExamplesThe weight of an organism in grams. The number of placental scars. Surface water temperature in Celsius.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementID
DefinitionAn identifier for the MeasurementOrFact (information pertaining to measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
+ + + + + + +
measurementID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementID
DefinitionAn identifier for the MeasurementOrFact (information pertaining to measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Comments
Examples9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementType Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementType
DefinitionThe nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplestail length, temperature, trap line length, survey area, trap type
+ + + + + + +
measurementType
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementType
DefinitionThe nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Examplestail length, temperature, trap line length, survey area, trap type
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementValue Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementValue
DefinitionThe value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
Comments
Examples45, 20, 1, 14.5, UV-light
+ + + + + + +
measurementValue
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementValue
DefinitionThe value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
Comments
Examples45, 20, 1, 14.5, UV-light
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementAccuracy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementAccuracy
DefinitionThe description of the potential error associated with the measurementValue.
Comments
Examples0.01, normal distribution with variation of 2 m
+ + + + + + +
measurementAccuracy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementAccuracy
DefinitionThe description of the potential error associated with the measurementValue.
Comments
Examples0.01, normal distribution with variation of 2 m
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementUnit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementUnit
DefinitionThe units associated with the measurementValue.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI).
Examplesmm, C, km, ha
+ + + + + + +
measurementUnit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementUnit
DefinitionThe units associated with the measurementValue.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI).
Examplesmm, C, km, ha
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementDeterminedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesRob Guralnick, Peter Desmet | Stijn Van Hoey
+ + + + + + +
measurementDeterminedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedBy
DefinitionA list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ).
ExamplesRob Guralnick, Peter Desmet | Stijn Van Hoey
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementDeterminedDate Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedDate
DefinitionThe date on which the MeasurementOrFact was made.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
measurementDeterminedDate
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedDate
DefinitionThe date on which the MeasurementOrFact was made.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementMethod Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementMethod
DefinitionA description of or reference to (publication, URI) the method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
Comments
Examplesminimum convex polygon around burrow entrances (for a home range area). barometric altimeter (for an elevation).
+ + + + + + +
measurementMethod
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementMethod
DefinitionA description of or reference to (publication, URI) the method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
Comments
Examplesminimum convex polygon around burrow entrances (for a home range area). barometric altimeter (for an elevation).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
measurementRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes accompanying the MeasurementOrFact.
Comments
Examplestip of tail missing
+ + + + + + +
measurementRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes accompanying the MeasurementOrFact.
Comments
Examplestip of tail missing
## ResourceRelationship
- resourceRelationshipID - resourceID - relationshipOfResourceID - relatedResourceID - relationshipOfResource - relationshipAccordingTo - relationshipEstablishedDate - relationshipRemarks -
+ resourceRelationshipID + resourceID + relationshipOfResourceID + relatedResourceID + relationshipOfResource + relationshipAccordingTo + relationshipEstablishedDate + relationshipRemarks + - - - - - - - - +
ResourceRelationship Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ResourceRelationship
DefinitionA relationship of one rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource) to another.
CommentsResources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialSample, dwc:Event, dwc:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
ExamplesAn instance of an Organism is the mother of another instance of an Organism. A uniquely identified Occurrence represents the same Occurrence as another uniquely identified Occurrence. A MaterialSample is a subsample of another MaterialSample.
+ + + + + + +
ResourceRelationship Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ResourceRelationship
DefinitionA relationship of one rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource) to another.
CommentsResources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialSample, dwc:Event, dwc:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
ExamplesAn instance of an Organism is the mother of another instance of an Organism. A uniquely identified Occurrence represents the same Occurrence as another uniquely identified Occurrence. A MaterialSample is a subsample of another MaterialSample.
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
resourceRelationshipID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceRelationshipID
DefinitionAn identifier for an instance of relationship between one resource (the subject) and another (relatedResource, the object).
Comments
Examples04b16710-b09c-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
+ + + + + + +
resourceRelationshipID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceRelationshipID
DefinitionAn identifier for an instance of relationship between one resource (the subject) and another (relatedResource, the object).
Comments
Examples04b16710-b09c-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
resourceID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the resource that is the subject of the relationship.
Comments
Examplesf809b9e0-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
+ + + + + + +
resourceID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the resource that is the subject of the relationship.
Comments
Examplesf809b9e0-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relationshipOfResourceID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the relationship type (predicate) that connects the subject identified by resourceID to its object identified by relatedResourceID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the identifiers of the terms in a controlled vocabulary, such as the OBO Relation Ontology.
Exampleshttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002456 (for the relation "pollinated by"), http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002455 (for the relation "pollinates"), https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/879 (for the relation "eaten by")
+ + + + + + +
relationshipOfResourceID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for the relationship type (predicate) that connects the subject identified by resourceID to its object identified by relatedResourceID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the identifiers of the terms in a controlled vocabulary, such as the OBO Relation Ontology.
Exampleshttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002456 (for the relation "pollinated by"), http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002455 (for the relation "pollinates"), https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/879 (for the relation "eaten by")
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relatedResourceID Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relatedResourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for a related resource (the object, rather than the subject of the relationship).
Comments
Examplesdc609808-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
+ + + + + + +
relatedResourceID
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relatedResourceID
DefinitionAn identifier for a related resource (the object, rather than the subject of the relationship).
Comments
Examplesdc609808-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relationshipOfResource Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResource
DefinitionThe relationship of the subject (identified by resourceID) to the object (identified by relatedResourceID).
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplessameAs, duplicate of, mother of, offspring of, sibling of, parasite of, host of, valid synonym of, located within, pollinator of members of taxon, pollinated specific plant, pollinated by members of taxon
+ + + + + + +
relationshipOfResource
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResource
DefinitionThe relationship of the subject (identified by resourceID) to the object (identified by relatedResourceID).
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
ExamplessameAs, duplicate of, mother of, offspring of, sibling of, parasite of, host of, valid synonym of, located within, pollinator of members of taxon, pollinated specific plant, pollinated by members of taxon
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relationshipAccordingTo Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipAccordingTo
DefinitionThe source (person, organization, publication, reference) establishing the relationship between the two resources.
Comments
ExamplesJulie Woodruff
+ + + + + + +
relationshipAccordingTo
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipAccordingTo
DefinitionThe source (person, organization, publication, reference) establishing the relationship between the two resources.
Comments
ExamplesJulie Woodruff
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relationshipEstablishedDate Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipEstablishedDate
DefinitionThe date-time on which the relationship between the two resources was established.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
+ + + + + + +
relationshipEstablishedDate
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipEstablishedDate
DefinitionThe date-time on which the relationship between the two resources was established.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
Examples1963-03-08T14:07-0600 (8 Mar 1963 at 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC). 2009-02-20T08:40Z (20 February 2009 8:40am UTC). 2018-08-29T15:19 (3:19pm local time on 29 August 2018). 1809-02-12 (some time during 12 February 1809). 1906-06 (some time in June 1906). 1971 (some time in the year 1971). 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z (some time during the interval between 1 March 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC). 1900/1909 (some time during the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and the end of the year 1909). 2007-11-13/15 (some time in the interval between 13 November 2007 and 15 November 2007).
- - - - - - - - + + +

+
relationshipRemarks Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the relationship between the two resources.
Comments
Examplesmother and offspring collected from the same nest, pollinator captured in the act
+ + + + + + +
relationshipRemarks
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipRemarks
DefinitionComments or notes about the relationship between the two resources.
Comments
Examplesmother and offspring collected from the same nest, pollinator captured in the act
@@ -2548,600 +2943,649 @@ This category contains terms that are generic in that they might apply to any ty For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https://dwc.tdwg.org/rdf/#25-terms-in-the-dwciri-namespace-normative).
- language - inDescribedPlace - identifiedBy - recordedBy - toTaxon - inCollection - georeferencedBy - behavior - dataGeneralizations - degreeOfEstablishment - disposition - earliestGeochronologicalEra - establishmentMeans - fieldNotes - fieldNumber - footprintSRS - footprintWKT - fromLithostratigraphicUnit - geodeticDatum - georeferenceProtocol - georeferenceSources - georeferenceVerificationStatus - habitat - identificationQualifier - identificationVerificationStatus - inDataset - informationWithheld - latestGeochronologicalEra - lifeStage - locationAccordingTo - measurementDeterminedBy - measurementMethod - measurementType - measurementUnit - measurementValue - occurrenceStatus - organismQuantityType - pathway - preparations - recordNumber - reproductiveCondition - sampleSizeUnit - samplingProtocol - sex - typeStatus - verbatimCoordinateSystem - verbatimSRS - verticalDatum -
+ language + inDescribedPlace + identifiedBy + recordedBy + toTaxon + inCollection + georeferencedBy + behavior + dataGeneralizations + degreeOfEstablishment + disposition + earliestGeochronologicalEra + establishmentMeans + fieldNotes + fieldNumber + footprintSRS + footprintWKT + fromLithostratigraphicUnit + geodeticDatum + georeferenceProtocol + georeferenceSources + georeferenceVerificationStatus + habitat + identificationQualifier + identificationVerificationStatus + inDataset + informationWithheld + latestGeochronologicalEra + lifeStage + locationAccordingTo + measurementDeterminedBy + measurementMethod + measurementType + measurementUnit + measurementValue + occurrenceStatus + organismQuantityType + pathway + preparations + recordNumber + reproductiveCondition + sampleSizeUnit + samplingProtocol + sex + typeStatus + verbatimCoordinateSystem + verbatimSRS + verticalDatum + - - - - - - - - + + +

+
language Property
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/language
DefinitionA language of the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from the Library of Congress ISO 639-2 scheme http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2
Examples
+ + + + + + +
language
Identifierhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/language
DefinitionA language of the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from the Library of Congress ISO 639-2 scheme http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
inDescribedPlace Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDescribedPlace
DefinitionUse to link a dcterms:Location instance subject to the lowest level standardized hierarchically-described resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to locations. See Section 2.7.5 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Exampleshttp://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1019987
+ + + + + + +
inDescribedPlace
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDescribedPlace
DefinitionUse to link a dcterms:Location instance subject to the lowest level standardized hierarchically-described resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to locations. See Section 2.7.5 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Exampleshttp://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1019987
- - - - - - - - + +

+
identifiedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identifiedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
identifiedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identifiedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
recordedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
recordedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
toTaxon Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toTaxon
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
CommentsA "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to taxonomic entities. See Section 2.7.4 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
toTaxon
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toTaxon
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
CommentsA "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to taxonomic entities. See Section 2.7.4 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
inCollection Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inCollection
DefinitionUse to link any subject resource that is part of a collection to the collection containing the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces literal-value terms related to collections and institutions. See Section 2.7.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
inCollection
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inCollection
DefinitionUse to link any subject resource that is part of a collection to the collection containing the resource.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces literal-value terms related to collections and institutions. See Section 2.7.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
georeferencedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferencedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
georeferencedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferencedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
behavior Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/behavior
DefinitionA description of the behavior shown by the subject at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
behavior
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/behavior
DefinitionA description of the behavior shown by the subject at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
dataGeneralizations Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/dataGeneralizations
DefinitionActions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
dataGeneralizations
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/dataGeneralizations
DefinitionActions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
degreeOfEstablishment Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/degreeOfEstablishment
DefinitionThe degree to which an Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005
+ + + + + + +
degreeOfEstablishment
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/degreeOfEstablishment
DefinitionThe degree to which an Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005
- - - - - - - - + +

+
disposition Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/disposition
DefinitionThe current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
disposition
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/disposition
DefinitionThe current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
earliestGeochronologicalEra Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/earliestGeochronologicalEra
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the earliest possible geological time period from which the cataloged item was collected.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
earliestGeochronologicalEra
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/earliestGeochronologicalEra
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the earliest possible geological time period from which the cataloged item was collected.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
establishmentMeans Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/establishmentMeans
DefinitionThe process by which the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence became established at the location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005
+ + + + + + +
establishmentMeans
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/establishmentMeans
DefinitionThe process by which the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence became established at the location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005
- - - - - - - - + +

+
fieldNotes Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNotes
DefinitionOne of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event.
CommentsThe subject is a dwc:Event instance and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
fieldNotes
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNotes
DefinitionOne of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event.
CommentsThe subject is a dwc:Event instance and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
fieldNumber Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event.
CommentsThe subject is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes and the object is a dwc:Event instance.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
fieldNumber
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event.
CommentsThe subject is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes and the object is a dwc:Event instance.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
footprintSRS Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in footprintWKT is based.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
footprintSRS
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in footprintWKT is based.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
footprintWKT Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintWKT
DefinitionA Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
footprintWKT
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintWKT
DefinitionA Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
fromLithostratigraphicUnit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fromLithostratigraphicUnit
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to an IRI-identified lithostratigraphic unit at the lowest possible level in a hierarchy.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.7 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
fromLithostratigraphicUnit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fromLithostratigraphicUnit
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to an IRI-identified lithostratigraphic unit at the lowest possible level in a hierarchy.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.7 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
geodeticDatum Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/geodeticDatum
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use an IRI or controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use an IRI or controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
Exampleshttps://epsg.io/4326
+ + + + + + +
geodeticDatum
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/geodeticDatum
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use an IRI or controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use an IRI or controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value unknown.
Exampleshttps://epsg.io/4326
- - - - - - - - + +

+
georeferenceProtocol Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceProtocol
DefinitionA description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceProtocol
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceProtocol
DefinitionA description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
georeferenceSources Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceSources
DefinitionA map, gazetteer, or other resource used to georeference the Location.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceSources
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceSources
DefinitionA map, gazetteer, or other resource used to georeference the Location.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
georeferenceVerificationStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the Location of the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
georeferenceVerificationStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the Location of the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
habitat Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/habitat
DefinitionA category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
habitat
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/habitat
DefinitionA category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
identificationQualifier Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationQualifier
DefinitionA controlled value to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
identificationQualifier
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationQualifier
DefinitionA controlled value to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
identificationVerificationStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
identificationVerificationStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationVerificationStatus
DefinitionA categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
inDataset Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDataset
DefinitionUse to link a subject dataset record to the dataset which contains it.
CommentsA string literal name of the dataset can be provided using the term dwc:datasetName. See the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
inDataset
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDataset
DefinitionUse to link a subject dataset record to the dataset which contains it.
CommentsA string literal name of the dataset can be provided using the term dwc:datasetName. See the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
informationWithheld Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/informationWithheld
DefinitionAdditional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
informationWithheld
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/informationWithheld
DefinitionAdditional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
latestGeochronologicalEra Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/latestGeochronologicalEra
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the latest possible geological time period from which the cataloged item was collected.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
latestGeochronologicalEra
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/latestGeochronologicalEra
DefinitionUse to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the latest possible geological time period from which the cataloged item was collected.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
lifeStage Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/lifeStage
DefinitionThe age class or life stage of the Organism(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
lifeStage
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/lifeStage
DefinitionThe age class or life stage of the Organism(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
locationAccordingTo Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/locationAccordingTo
DefinitionInformation about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
locationAccordingTo
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/locationAccordingTo
DefinitionInformation about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
measurementDeterminedBy Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementDeterminedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
measurementDeterminedBy
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementDeterminedBy
DefinitionA person, group, or organization who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
measurementMethod Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementMethod
DefinitionThe method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
measurementMethod
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementMethod
DefinitionThe method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
measurementType Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementType
DefinitionThe nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
measurementType
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementType
DefinitionThe nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
measurementUnit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementUnit
DefinitionThe units associated with the measurementValue.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI).
Examples
+ + + + + + +
measurementUnit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementUnit
DefinitionThe units associated with the measurementValue.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI).
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
measurementValue Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementValue
DefinitionThe value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0960/
+ + + + + + +
measurementValue
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementValue
DefinitionThe value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0960/
- - - - - - - - + +

+
occurrenceStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus
DefinitionA statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
occurrenceStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus
DefinitionA statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
organismQuantityType Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismQuantityType
DefinitionThe type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsA dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
organismQuantityType
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismQuantityType
DefinitionThe type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
CommentsA dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
pathway Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/pathway
DefinitionThe process by which an Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p002, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p046
+ + + + + + +
pathway
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/pathway
DefinitionThe process by which an Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Exampleshttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p002, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p046
- - - - - - - - + +

+
preparations Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preparations
DefinitionA preparation or preservation method for a specimen.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
preparations
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preparations
DefinitionA preparation or preservation method for a specimen.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
- - - - - - - - + +

+
recordNumber Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and an Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
CommentsThe subject is a dwc:Occurrence and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
Examples
+ + + + + + +
recordNumber
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordNumber
DefinitionAn identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and an Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
CommentsThe subject is a dwc:Occurrence and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
Examples
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+
reproductiveCondition Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/reproductiveCondition
DefinitionThe reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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reproductiveCondition
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/reproductiveCondition
DefinitionThe reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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sampleSizeUnit Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampleSizeUnit
DefinitionThe unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding sampleSizeValue. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
Examples
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sampleSizeUnit
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampleSizeUnit
DefinitionThe unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
CommentsA sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding sampleSizeValue. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
Examples
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samplingProtocol Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/samplingProtocol
DefinitionThe methods or protocols used during an Event, denoted by an IRI.
CommentsRecommended best practice is describe an Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary Event in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different sampling protocol that applies to the Occurrence.
Exampleshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x
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samplingProtocol
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/samplingProtocol
DefinitionThe methods or protocols used during an Event, denoted by an IRI.
CommentsRecommended best practice is describe an Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary Event in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different sampling protocol that applies to the Occurrence.
Exampleshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x
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sex Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sex
DefinitionThe sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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sex
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sex
DefinitionThe sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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typeStatus Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/typeStatus
DefinitionA nomenclatural type (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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typeStatus
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/typeStatus
DefinitionA nomenclatural type (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
CommentsTerms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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verbatimCoordinateSystem Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimCoordinateSystem
DefinitionThe spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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verbatimCoordinateSystem
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimCoordinateSystem
DefinitionThe spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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verbatimSRS Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known.
Examples
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verbatimSRS
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimSRS
DefinitionThe ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known.
Examples
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verticalDatum Property
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verticalDatum
DefinitionThe vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
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verticalDatum
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verticalDatum
DefinitionThe vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
CommentsRecommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples
## LivingSpecimen
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LivingSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/LivingSpecimen
DefinitionA specimen that is alive.
Comments
ExamplesA living plant in a botanical garden. A living animal in a zoo.
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LivingSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/LivingSpecimen
DefinitionA specimen that is alive.
Comments
ExamplesA living plant in a botanical garden. A living animal in a zoo.
@@ -3149,16 +3593,16 @@ For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https:/ ## PreservedSpecimen
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PreservedSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/PreservedSpecimen
DefinitionA specimen that has been preserved.
Comments
ExamplesA plant on an herbarium sheet. A cataloged lot of fish in a jar.
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PreservedSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/PreservedSpecimen
DefinitionA specimen that has been preserved.
Comments
ExamplesA plant on an herbarium sheet. A cataloged lot of fish in a jar.
@@ -3166,16 +3610,16 @@ For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https:/ ## FossilSpecimen
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FossilSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/FossilSpecimen
DefinitionA preserved specimen that is a fossil.
Comments
ExamplesA body fossil. A coprolite. A gastrolith. An ichnofossil. A piece of a petrified tree.
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FossilSpecimen Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/FossilSpecimen
DefinitionA preserved specimen that is a fossil.
Comments
ExamplesA body fossil. A coprolite. A gastrolith. An ichnofossil. A piece of a petrified tree.
@@ -3183,16 +3627,16 @@ For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https:/ ## MaterialCitation
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MaterialCitation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialCitation
DefinitionA reference to or citation of one, a part of, or multiple specimens in scholarly publications.
CommentsThis class constitutes a new value for the controlled vocabulary in the recommendations for basisOfRecord. When importing Darwin Core Archives of literature-based datasets to GBIF, the basisOfRecord should be changed from “Occurrence”, "PreservedSpecimen" or "Literature" to “MaterialCitation”.
ExamplesA citation of a physical specimen from a scientific collection in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication. A citation of a group of physical specimens, such as paratypes in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication. An occurrence mentioned in a field note book.
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MaterialCitation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialCitation
DefinitionA reference to or citation of one, a part of, or multiple specimens in scholarly publications.
CommentsThis class constitutes a new value for the controlled vocabulary in the recommendations for basisOfRecord. When importing Darwin Core Archives of literature-based datasets to GBIF, the basisOfRecord should be changed from “Occurrence”, "PreservedSpecimen" or "Literature" to “MaterialCitation”.
ExamplesA citation of a physical specimen from a scientific collection in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication. A citation of a group of physical specimens, such as paratypes in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication. An occurrence mentioned in a field note book.
@@ -3200,16 +3644,16 @@ For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https:/ ## HumanObservation
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HumanObservation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/HumanObservation
DefinitionAn output of a human observation process.
Comments
ExamplesEvidence of an Occurrence taken from field notes or literature. A record of an Occurrence without physical evidence nor evidence captured with a machine.
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HumanObservation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/HumanObservation
DefinitionAn output of a human observation process.
Comments
ExamplesEvidence of an Occurrence taken from field notes or literature. A record of an Occurrence without physical evidence nor evidence captured with a machine.
@@ -3217,29 +3661,30 @@ For more information on `UseWithIRI`, see [Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide](https:/ ## MachineObservation
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MachineObservation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MachineObservation
DefinitionAn output of a machine observation process.
Comments
ExamplesA photograph. A video. An audio recording. A remote sensing image. A Occurrence record based on telemetry.
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MachineObservation Class
Identifierhttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MachineObservation
DefinitionAn output of a machine observation process.
Comments
ExamplesA photograph. A video. An audio recording. A remote sensing image. A Occurrence record based on telemetry.
-# Cite Darwin Core +## Cite Darwin Core + To cite Darwin Core in general, use the peer-reviewed article on Darwin Core: -Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. +> Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. To cite the standard document upon which this page is built, use the following: -Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). +> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). To cite this document specifically, use the following: -Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). \ No newline at end of file +> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). \ No newline at end of file